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PhotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Coiporation 


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A  CATECHISM 


♦  •   - 


-     :%■.-■* 


-     '.    _ 


ON 


"'f. 


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THE  THIRTY-NINE  ARTICLES 


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BY  THE 


..   .  .  REV.  JAMES  BEAVEN,  D.  D., 

PB0FE8S0B    OF    DIVINITY    INKING'S    COLLEGE,    TORONTO; 
AUTHOB    OF    "A   HELP    TO    CATECHIZING,"    BTC» 


,.        ;       "WrrH  ADDITIONS  AND  ALTERATIONS 
,  ADAPTING  IT  TO  THE  BOOK  OF  COMMON  PRAYER 
OF  THE  PROTF^TANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 
IN  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


■•«-•- 


\ 


Weto  ¥orfe: 

GENERAL  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  UNION. 

Depositor^/  20  John  Street. 


"ISN 


1858. 


¥u 


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v.- 


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.,  '■  'c 

I,    ■    ■       ■<■"    ■!    ■ 


■■'-.    5    Entered  acflording  to  Act  of  CongreBB,  in  the  year  1858,  ,"'- 

■  "^  By  John  W.  Mitchill, 

(as  Treasurer  of  The  General  Protestftnt  EpiBCopal  S.  S.  Union,) 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Conrt  of  the  United  States  for  the  Southern 

District  of  N«w  York. 


.T,.;-      ^> 


# 


. . '  ■     V 


■i'^^^.' 


'T.. 


) 

Southern 


-4  • 


^\ 


,    (■ 


ADVERTISEMENT. . 


The  present  work  lias  been  adapted  from 
the  English  edition  to  the  position  and  cir- 
cnmstances  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
in  the  United  States ;  and  it  is  hoped  will  be 
found  to  be  of  essential  service  in  promoting 
an  acquaintance  with,  and  more  general  ap- 
preciation of,  that  part  of  our  standards  of 
which  it  treats.  It  is  commended  to  Church-  ; 
men  with  the  more  confidence  in  consequence 
of  its  having  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  careful 
revision  and  improvement  by  the  learned  ' 
author  during  its  progress  through  the  press. 


J.  A.  S« 


New  York,  Mv.  1st,  1852. 


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A   CATECHISM 

THE  THIRTY-NINE  ARTICLES. 


^ 


INTRODUCTION. 

I      For  what  purpose  were  the  Articles  of  Religion 

drawn  up? 
(^      "  For  the  avoiding  of  diversities  of  opinion,  ard 
for  establishing  of  consent  touching  true  religion.' 
Express  this  in  other  words. 
They  were  made  in  order  to  avoid,  or  do  away 
with,  differences  of  opinion  in  religion,  and  to  cause 
persons  to  agree  in  holding  the  truth. 
How  is  this  done  in  these  Articles  1 
Partly  by  laying  down  the  truth  we  are  to  hold 
.  fast,  and  partly  by  pointing  out  the  errors  we  are 
to  avoid. 

By  w^hom  were  these  Articles  first  agreed  upon  1 
By  the  archbishops  and  bishops  of  both  provinces 
in  England,  and  by  the  whole  clergy. 

What  do  you  mean  by  "both  provinces  1" 
England  is  divided,  for  purposes  connected  with 

I*    . 


# 


6 


INTRODUCTION. 


\ 
U 


n     i 


w 


the  Church,  into  two  provmccs,  that  of  Canterbury 
and  that  of  York  ;  of  which  the  archbishops  of  Can- 
terbury and  York  are  the  governors. 

What  is  an  archbishop  1 

A  bishop  who  is  placed  over  other  bishops. 

Where  and  when  did  the  archbishops,  bishops, 
and  clergy  agree  to  these  Articles  1 

"  In  the  convocation  holden  at  London  in  the  year 
1562." 

What  is  a  convocation  ? 

A  synod  or  meeting  of  the  bishops  and  clergy  of 
the  provinces. 

How  could  the  whole  clergy  meet  together  to 
agree  to  these  Articles  ? 

The  clergy  of  each  diocese  met  together  before- 
hand, and  sent  deputies  to  speak  for  them  at  the 
convocation. 

What  do  you  mean  by  a  diocese  1 

A  portion  of  country  under  the  government  of 
one  bishop. 

Were  the  articles  originally  published  only  by 
the  authority  of  the  bishops  and  clergy  1 

No  :  they  were  also  assented  to  by  Elizabeth,  the 
queen  of  England  at  the  time,  and  published  by  her 
authority. 

What  further  authority  have  they  since  received 
as  regards  the  Church  of  England  1 

An  act  of  parliament  requires  the  clergy  of  that 
Church  to  subscribe  them. 


i   By 

in  the 

i  Thj 

and  li 

Unitcc 

AVI 

On 


,-^^>,. 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

uanterbury      py  ^yj^^^t  authority  were  the  Articles,  as  contained 
shops  of  Can.  jn  the  Praycr-Book,  set  forth  in  America  ? 

They  were  "  established  by  the   bishops,  clergy, 
and  laity  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
shops.  United  States  of  America,  hi  convention." 

ops,   bishops,       When  was  this  done  1 

On  the  twelfth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
in  the  year   our  Lord  1801.  4 

Are  the  laity  required  to  subscribe  to  the  thirty- 
'nine  Articles  1 
na  clergy  of        Xhe  Church  does  not  make  any  such  demand  upon 

her  lay  members, 
together  to        How  many  Articles  are  there  ? 

Thirty-nine. 
Jtner  before-    .     i^to   what   parts   may  you   conveniently  divide 
:hem  at  the     them  1 

Into  five  parts. 

Give  the  subjects  of  the  five  parts. 

1.  On  the  doctrine  concerning  God. 

2.  On  the  rule  of  faith. 

3.  On  the  spiritual  condition  of  man.  .^ 

4.  On  the  Churc'i  and  its  ordinances. 

5.  On  the  civil  duties  of  members  of  the  Church. 


emment  of 
ed  only  by 

izabeth,  the 
hed  by  her 

36  received 

^gy  of  that 


W 


i 


I     V: 


8 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


PART  I. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  first  part  1 
On  the  doctrine  concerning  God. 
What  Articles  does  it  comprise  1 
The  first  five. 

Article  I. 


Buti 
We 
We  do  I 

Dcut 

part. 

.  Wha 

;  The 

time  of 

press  it 

Whj 

Beca 
them  t( 

Wha 
lasting 

That 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  first  Article  1 

"  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Trinity  ? 

Threcfoldness,  or  subsistence  in  Three  Persons. 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  Holy  Trinity  ?" 

The  Three  Persons  in  One  God. 

What  docs  this  Article  teach  concernmg  the  one     ^^® 
God?  ■  '  *  P-^"' 

"  There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting, 
Avithout  body,  parts,  or  passions ;  of  infinite  power, 
wisdom,  and  goodness ;  the  Maker,  and  Preserver  of 
all  things  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in  unity 
of  this  Godhead  there  be  Three  Persons,  of  one  sub- 
stance, power,  and  eternity  j  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  ^  ^ 
the  Holy  Ghost."  ^^^ 

Do  we  know  the  certainty  that  there  is  but  one       ^ 
living  and  true  God  from  natural  reason  or  from        ,  .  , 
revelation?     ,  .  ^P^^^*' 

From  revelation.  ^^^  ^^ 


Ps.  : 

Whj 
eluding 

IfH 
in  spa( 


■^H 


i":. 


i,frfl^'*.j>rA:.,  -.v. 


S8. 


ARTICLE    I. 


reason  f 
clievin 


a  it,  but 


3? 

niij/  f 

Persons, 
mity  ?" 

ing  the  one 

everlasting, 
inite  power, 
Preserver  of 
nd  in  unity 
of  one  sub- 
he  Son,  and 

is  but  one 
)n  or  from 


But  may  we  not  ascertain  it  by 

We  may  find  strong  reason  for 
fe  do  not  absolutely  know  it. 
P^  Prove  it  from  S(5ripture. 

Deut.  iv.  39 ;  Isa.  xlv.  18 ;  Jcr.  x.  10,  first 
part. 

.  What  further  proof  is  there  ? 
i  The  whole  history  of  the  Israelitish  nation  until  the 
time  of  Christ  was  intended  by  Almighty  God  to  im- 
press it  upon  men's  minds. 
\  Why  was  so  much  labour  requisite  to  establish  it  % 

Because  the  ignorance  and  sinfulness  of  men  led 
tiiem  to  make  gods  of  inferior  beings. 

What  is  meant  when  you  say  that  God  is  "  ever- 
lasting V 

That  He  never  had  a  beginning  and  will  never 
have  an  end. 
■   Prove  this  from  Scripture, 

Ps.  xc.  2 ;  Isa.  xli.  4. 

What  ground  of  natural  reason  is  there  for  con- 
cluding that  God  is  "  without  body  *?" 

If  He  had  a  body.  He  must  be  limited  and  confined 
in  space,  and  consequently  could  not  be  present  and 
ficting  every  where  at  the  same  time. 

Show  that  it  is  taught  in  Scripture  that  God  is 
without  body. 

We  are  told  in  St.  John  iv.  24,  that  "  God  is  a 
spirit,"  and  in  St.  Luke  xxiv.  39,  that  "  a  spirit  hath 
not  flesh  and  bones."  .-,;     ^rY  ^ 


^m 


10 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


i 


•111 


i 


i 


St. 
sible.' 
Pro 
Ps. 
Pro 
St. 


What  do  you  mean  when  you  say  that  He  is 
«  without  parts  ?" 

That   He  cannot  be   divided  into  different  por- 
tions. 

How  does  this  appear  to  be  true  ? 

It  follows  from  His  having  no  body. 

How  does  this  agree  with  those  passages  of  Holy    is,  Go 

Scripture  in  which  the  eye,  the  arm,  the  feet,  &c.,  of    whils 

God,  are  spoken  of?  In  \ 

This  is  only  a  figurative  manner  of  speaking,  em-        He 

ployed  to  convey  certain  ideas  more  perfectly  to  our        Pro 

minds.  ^     Roi 

What  do  you  mean  by  saying  that  He  is  "  without    things 

passions  f  sea,  ai 

That  He  cannot  be  wrought  upon  or  changed  by     which 

any  other  being.  Pro 

How  does  that  appear  ?  Ps. 

"^  "  "     man  j 

every 

,    Wl 

head  1 

Th( 

i     W] 

ing  t\\ 

"Ii 


Because  He  could  not  be  the  sovereign  Ruler  and 
Director  of  all  things,  if  He  were  liable  to  be  wrought 
upon  or  changed  by  any  thing  else. 

Show  from  Scripture  that  God  is  unchangeable. 

St.  James  i.  17.  "With  Him  is  no  variableness, 
neither  shadow  of  turning." 

Why  then  is  God  spoken  of  as  being  angry  or 
grieved,  &;c.  1 

Because  the  truth  could  not  have  been  in  any  de- 
gree made  known  to  us,  except  by  language  drawn 
from  our  own  manner  of  feeling  and  acting. 

Prove  from  Scripture  that  God  is  of  infinite  power. 


sons, 
Fathc 
I     W 
are  ii 


s. 


ARTICLE    I. 


11 


'  that  He  is 
lifferent  por- 


iges  of  Holy 
feet,  &c.,  of 

peaking,  em- 
fectly  to  our 

■  is  "  without 

changed  by 


n  Ruler  and 
be  wrought 

mgeable. 
-ariableness, 

g  angry  or 

.  in  any  de- 
uage  drawn 

inite  power. 


St.  Matt.  xix.  26.  "  With  God  all  things  are  pos- 
sible." 

Prove  that  He  is  of  infinite  wisdom. 

Ps.  cxlvii.  5. 

Prove  that  His  goodness  is  infinite. 

St.  Luke  xviii.  19.  "None  is  good,  save  One, that 
is,  God :"  that  is,  the  goodness  of  God  is  perfect, 
whilst  that  of  all  other  beings  is  imperfect. 

In  what  sense  is  God  the  Maker  of  all  things  ? 

He  made  all  things  out  of  nothing. 

Prove  this. 

Rom.  xi.  36 ;  Acts  xiv.  15 ;  Heb.  xi.  3.  "  All 
things  are  of  Him,  the  heaven,  the  earth,  and  the 
sea,  and  all  things  that  are  therein  ;"  and  "  the  things 
which  are  were  not  made  of  things  that  do  appear." 

Prove  that  He  preserves  all  things. 

Ps.  xxxvi.  6;  Job  xii.  10.  "He  preserveth  both 
man  and  beast ;"  and  "  in  His  hand  is  the  soul  of 
every  living  thing,  and  the  breath  of  all  mankind." 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  unity  of  the  God- 
head?" 

The  oneness  of  the  nature  of  God. 

What  statement  is  made  on  this  article  concern- 
ing the  Holy  Trinity  1 

"  hi  unity  of  this  Godhead  there  be  Three  Per- 
sons, of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity  ;  the 
Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost." 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  the  Tliree  Persons 
are  in  the  unity  of  this  Godhead  ? 


1)  1 


St 
H 


12  CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 

That  they  are  therefore  one  God,  or  that  they  ai  •' 
united  in  this  Divine  nature  "  ^Pl 

In  what  respect  are  they  one  1  -^^^  ^ 

They  are  "  of  one  substance,  power,  and  eternity,       ^  ^ 
Mention  some  passages  of  Scripture  in  which  tL  ^^^® 
Holy  Trinity  is  spoken  of. 

Isa.  vi.  3 ;  St.  Matt,  xxviii.  19  ;  2  Cor.  xiii.  14. 
Show  that  the  Persons  of  the  Holy  Trinity  are  (  thing 
one  substance.  liave 

In  the  Institution  of  Holy  Baptism  divine  honoii        ^ 
is  equally  paid  to  all  ;   and  St.  Paul  (2  Cor.  xiii.   ^^^ 
prays  for  divine  blessings  equally  from  all :  and  i        ■'■^^ 
they  are  thus  equal  in  honour,  they  must  be  equal  ii  ^     ^^ 
substance  or  essential  nature.  ^^ 

Show  that  they  are  of  one  p'ower  and  eternity.  "^^* 

St.  Paul  prays  for  divine  blessings  from  all  equally  thing 
and  that  "for  evermore:"  now  if  they  can  equalh  holde 
impart  spiritual  blessings,  and  that  for  evermore,  thej  "  the 
must  be  of  one  power  and  eternity. 


Article  II. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  second  Article  ? 

"  The  Word  or  Son  of  God,  which  was  made  verj 
man." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  "  very  man  f 

Real  man.     . 

Prove  that  the  Son  of  God  and  the  Word  of  God   son; 
are  the  same.  He 


Pi 

R( 
Pi 

Fath 
It 
P] 
C< 
Hei 
ness 


I   i 


:!LES. 


ARTICLE    II. 


13 


or  that  they  ai  *  Compare  St.  John  i.  3,  with  Heb.  i.  2,  by  which 
it  appears  that  the  Word  and  the  Son  equally  made 
ithe  world. 

r,  and  eternity       Prove  that  He  was  "  begotten  from  (werlasting  of 

ire  in  which  tli   ^^^^  Father." 

St.  John  i.  1 ;  Col.  i.  15-17  ;  Micah  v.  2. 
Cor.  xiii.  14.  H<^  was  "  in  the  beginning  with  God,"  "  before  all 

y  Trinity  are  (   things  that  were  created :"  and   "  His  goings  forth 

'have  been  of  old,  from  everlasting." 
Q  divine  honoii       What  do  you  mean  by  saying  that  He  is  "  very 
111  (2  Cor.  xiii.  ^CJod  r 

om  all :  and  i       That  He  is  God  in  the  fullest  sense, 
ust  be  equal  ii  ^     Prove  it  from  Scripture. 

.|  Col.  i.  IG,  17  ;  Heb.  i.  3  ;  Rev.  xxii.  13.  He  is 
id  eternity.  "  before  all  things,  and  by  Him  all  things  consist ;  all 
om  all  equally  things  were  created  by  Him  and  for  Him  ;"  "  He  up- 
3y  can  equalli  holdeth  all  things  by  the  ^yord  of  His  power  ;"  He  is 
evermore,  thei   "  the  beginning  and  the  ending,  the  first  and  the  last." 

Prove  that  He  is  "  eternal  God." 
Rev.  i.  17,  18 ;  xxii.  13. 

Prove  that  He  is  "  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father." 

It  would  follow  from  His  being  the  Son. 
Prove  it  from  Holy  Scripture. 
Col.  i.  15  ;  Heb.  i.  3 ;  St.  John  x.  30 ;  xiv.  9-11. 
He  is  "  the  image  of  the  invisible  God,"  "  the  bright- 
ness of  His  glory,  and  the  express  image  of  His  per- 
Word  of  God   son;"  he^hat  hath  seen  Him  hath  seen  the  Father; 
.  He  and  the  Father  are  one. 


[•tide? 

vas  made  verj 


14 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


m 


.1 


R( 

flesh 
ever. 

Ik 

pearj 

H. 

Be 


Prove  that  the  Word  or  Son  of  God  took  man's 
nature. 

St.  John  i.  14 ;  Phil.  ii.  6-8. 

Prove  that  He  did  this  "  in  the  womb  of  the  Vir- 
gin  Mary  and  of  her  substance." 

St.  Lukei.  31,  32;  Gal.  iv.  4. 

Prove  that  the  Word  of  God,  when  made  man, 
had  the  whole  and  perfect  nature  of  God. 

Col.  ii.  9.     "  In  Him  dwelleth  all  the  fulness  of    ^^e  r 
the  Godhead."  j     w 

Prove  that  He  had  likewise  the  whole  and  perfect       Al 
nature  of  man.  g^^  j^ 

Heb.  ii.  16, 17.     "  In  all  things  it  behoved  Him  to       Yc 
be  made  like  unto  His  brethren."  «  ^ 

Prove   that  "  the   Godhead  and  manhood  were       H( 
joined  in  one  Person."  ,^     g^ 

Phil.  ii.  6,  7  ;  Col.  i.  14,'  17  ;  Heb.  i.  8,  9.  It  is  but  a 
the  same  Person,  who  "  v/as  in  the  form  of  God  and 
thought  it  not  robbery  to  be  equal  with  God,"  that 
"  was  made  in  the  likeness'of  man  and  became  obe- 
dient unto  death  :"  the  same  "  by  whom  all  things 
consist,"  and  in  whose  "  blood  we  have  redemption ;" 


W 

Ai 

pleas 

W 

Tl: 


the  same  "  whose  throne  is  for  ever  and  ever,  and    ^11  b' 
who  hath  God  for  His  God."  '   ^ 

Prove  that  this  Person  is  never  to  be  divided. 

Rev.  i.  17,  18.     "  He  liveth  and  was  dead,  and  is 
alive  for  evermore." 

Prove  that,  thus  united,  the  two  natures  make  one 
Christ, 


W 

Tl 
P] 

offer 

hath 


ES. 

Qd  took  man's 

mb  of  the  Vir. 

sn  made  man, 

3d. 

he  fulness  of 

•le  and  perfect 

hoved  Him  to 

anhood  were 

i.  8,  9.  It  is 
n  of  God  and 
:h  God,"  that 
[  became  obe- 
)m  all  things 
redemption ;" 
md  ever,  and 

}  divided, 
i  dead,  and  is 

res  make  one 


ARTICLE    II. 


15 


Rom.  ix.  5.     Of  the  Israelites  "  as  concerning  the 
flesh  Christ  came,  who  is  over  all,  God  blessed  for 


55 


ever. 

Why  is  it  stated  that  He  truly  suffered,  &c.  ? 

Because  some  taught  that  He  suffered  only  in  ap- 
pearance. 

How  do  we  know  that  they  were  deceivers  ? 

Because  we  have  the  testimony  of  eye-witnesses  to 
the  reality  of  His  sufferings,  &c. 
^     Who  are  they  ? 

All  the  x\postlcs,  (Acts  ii.  14,  23,)  and  particularly 
St.  Matthew,  St.  John,  and  St.  Peter. 

For  what  purpose  did  He  suffer  1 
i    "  To  reconcile  us  to  His  Father." 

How  so? 
^     By  being  "  a  sacrifice,  not  only  for  original  guilt, 
but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men." 

What  do  you  understand  here  by  a  sacrifice  ? 

An  offering  made  to   God  to  remove  His  dis- 
pleasure. 

What  is  "  original  guilt  1" 

The  guilt  of  the  evil  disposition  with  which  we  are 
all  born. 
I     What  are  "  actual  sins  ?" 

The  sins  which  we  have  done  ourselves. 

Prove  that  the  death  of  our  Lord  was  a  sacrifice 
offered  to  the  Father. 

Eph.  V.  2 ;  Heb.  ix.  12.     "  Christ  loved  us,  and 
hath  given  Himself  for  us  an  offermg  and  a  sacrifice 


Id 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


i^! 


HI 


Jlf| 
m 


unto  God  :"  and  "  by  His  own  blood  He  entered  in 
once  into  the  holy  place,  having  obtained  eternal  re- 
demption for  us." 

Prove  that  He  was  a  sacrifice  for  our  original 
guilt. 

Rom.  V.  12,  14, 18 ;  Phil.  ii.  8.  "  As  by  one  man 
sin  entered  into  the  world,  and  death  by  sin,  even  so 
by  the  righteousness  of  One  the  free  gift  came  upon 
all  men  unto  justification  of  life."  For  "  He  .became 
obedient  unto  death,  even  the  death  of  the  cross." 

Prove  that  He  was  a  sacrifice  for  actual  sins, 

Isa.  liii.  5,  6;  1  St.  John  ii.  1,  2. 

Prove  that  He  became  a  sacrifice  to  reconcile  us 
to  His  Father. 

Rom.  V.  10.  "V/"e  were  reconciled  to  God  by  the 
death  of  His  Son." 

Article  III. 

"What  is  the  subject  of  the  third  Article  1 
"The  going  down  of  Christ  into  hell." 
In  what  sense  was  Christ  dead  and  buried  for  us  ? 
He  died  in  order  that  He  might  undergo  in  our 

behalf  the  punishment  due   to  sin ;    and   He  was 

buried  in  order  that  the  fact  of  His  death  might  be 

placed  beyond  dispute. 
Why  was  this  important? 
In  order  that  we  might  have  the  surest  reliance  on 

the  reality  of  His  resurrection  and  atonement. 


Wl 

this  . 

It 
lar  ii 

W 

in  th 

lent 

II( 

hell  1 

St. 

that 

impli 

Sh 

relati 

Ep 

Fo 

Chris 

^    Be 

gone 

passe 

More 

claim 

over 

Gi 

Be 

we  si 

Heh 


t 


s. 


ARTICLE    III. 


17 


Ic  entered  in 
ed  eternal  re- 


our  original 


J  by  one  man 
T  sin,  even  so 
ft  came  upon 
"  He  .became 
the  cross." 
ual  sins. 

reconcile  us 

)  God  by  the 


3le1 


iried  for  us  ? 
dergo  in  our 
nd  He  was 
ith  might  be 


t  reliance  on 
ment. 


What  is  the  force  of  the  "as"  and  "  so  also"  in 
this  Article] 

It  shows  that  Ills  going  down  into  hell  is  of  simi- 
lar importance  to  llis  death  and  burial. 

What  is  meant  by  "  hell "  in  this  Article  ? 

"  The  place  of  departed  spirits ;"  which  the  Church 
in  the  United  States  allows  to  be  used  as  an  equiva- 
lent expression. 

How  do  you  prove  that  Jesus  went  down  into 
hell  % 

i  St.  Peter  (Acts  ii.  31)  says,  concerning  Jesus, 
that  "  His  soul  was  not  left  in  hell ;"  which  of  course 
implies  that  He  went  thither. 

'^  Show  that  the  phrase  "  went  down"  is  scriptural  in 
relation  to  this  subject. 

Eph.  iv.  9. 
%    For  what  reason  is  it  important  to  believe  that 
Christ  descended  into  hell  % 

^  Because  otherwise  His  soul  would  not  have  under- 
gone the  full  penalty  of  sin,  nor  would  He  have 
passed  through  all  that  mankind  are  destined  to. 
Moreover,  it  was  needful  that  He  should  go  and  pro- 
claim to  "  the  spirits  in  prison"  the  fact  of  His  triumph 
over  death.     (1  St.  Peter  iii.  19.) 

Give  another  reason. 
,|    Because  if  we  believe  that  He  descended  into  hell, 
We  shall  not  so  much  dread  to  undergo  that  which 
He  has  undergone  before  us.  - 

2* 


18 


CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Article  IV. 


I 
i 


i 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourth  Article  ? 

"  The  resurrection  of  Clirist." 

Why  docs  the  Article  state  that  Christ  "  did  truly 
rise  again  from  the  dead  ?" 

Because  some  in  ancient  times  denied  a  literal  res- 
urrection, and  declared  that  it  was  only  figurative. 

How  is  the  truth  of  His  resurrection  proved  1 

By  the  testimony  of  those  who  saw  Him  after  He 
arose,  by  the  gifts  He  bestowed  on  His  followers 
after  His  resurrection,  and  by  the  rapid  spread  of  the 
Gospel  built  upon  the  belief  of  this  truth. 

What  is  "  the  perfection  of  man's  nature"  here 
meant  ? 

The  completeness  of  His  nature,  as  composed  of 
body  and  soul. 

What  other  things  besides  "  flesh  and  bones"  are 
essential  to  that  completeness  ?  ^ 

The  senses,  and  power  of  bodily  motion  and  action, 
&c. 

Prove  that  Jesus  took  again  His  body,  Szc. 

St.  Luke  xxiv.  39, 43.  When  He  appeared  to  His 
disciples  after  His  resurrection,  He  requested  them 
to  handle  Him  and  see  that  He  had  flesh  and  bones, 
and  He  afterwards  ate  in  their  presence. 

Prove  that  He  ascended  into  heaven  with  His 
body. 


St 
His 
diatc 
and 
P] 
It 
man 
man 
\^ 
P 
cross 
on  e 
P 
of  ji 
In 
mus 
of  a 
new 


fror 

the: 
I 


*Sk.. 


ss. 


ARTICLE    V. 


19 


tide  ? 

1st  "  did  truly 

:1  a  literal  res- 
figurative, 
proved  ? 
Ilim  after  He 
His  followers 
spread  of  the 

h. 

nature"  here 

composed  of 

i  bones"  are 

on  and  action, 

J,  (fee.  I 

)eared  to  His 
guested  them 
)h  and  bones, 

• 

3n  with  His 


St.  Luke  XXIV.  50^  51  ;  Acts  i..  0.  "  He  lifted  up 
His  hands  and  blessed"  the  Apostles ;  and  imme- 
diately after  "while  they  beheld,  He  was  taken  up, 
and  a  cloud  received  Him  out  of  their  sight." 

Prove  that  He  sittelh  there  with  His  body. 

It  appears  from  St.  ^Mark  xvi.  19,  that  in  whatever 
manner  "  He  was  received  into  heaven,"  in  the  same 
manner  "  He  sat  down  on  the  right  hand  of  God." 

What  is  He  there  doing  1 

Pleading  the  merits  of  His  own  sacrifice  on  the 
cross  before  the  Father,  for  the  benefit  of  His  people 
on  earth. 

Prove  that  He  will  remain  in  heaven  until  the  day 
of  judgment. 

In  Acts  iii.  20,  21,  it  is  said  that  "  the  heavens 
must  receive  Him  until  the  times  of  the  restitution 
of  all  things,"  that  is,  when  all  things  will  be  made 
new ;  which  will  take  place  at  His  second  coming  to 
judgment. 

Article  V. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  fifth  Article  ? 

"  The  Holy  Ghost."  •  ' 

What  is  meant  by  the  Holy  Ghost  "proceeding 
from  the  Father  and  the  Son  ?"        '       * 

That  He  issues  forth  from  them  and  is  sent  by 
them. 

Prove  that  He  proceeds  from  the  Father. 

John  XV.  26;  Matt.  x.  20.     He  is  called  "the 


90 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    AIITICLES. 


C 


Spirit  of  truth  that  procecdeth  from  the  Father,"  aiid  Fathc 
"  the  Spirit  of  the  Father."  Falhc 

Prove  "that  He  proceeds  from  the  Son.  Pr 

In  Rom.  viii.  9,  and  1  Pet.  i.  11,  He  is  called  "the      II 
Spirit  of  Christ." 

When  did  He  proceed  from  the  Father  and  the 
Son  1 

From  all  eternity.  / 

Show  that  He  is  "  of  one  substance  with  the  Father 
and  the  Son." 

It  has  been  already  proved  that  the  Son  is  of  one 
substance  with  the  Father ;  if  therefore  the  Holy 
Ghost  is  of  one  substance  with  the  Father,  He  must 
be  of  one  substance  with  both. 

Prove  that  He  is  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father.  * 

1  Cor.  iii.  16,  17.  The  Spirit  of  God  dwelling  in 
us  makes  us  temples  of  God. 

Show  that  He  is  "  of  one  majesty  and  glory  with 
the  Father  and  the  Son." 

This  follows  from  His  being  of  one  substance  with 
the  Father  and  the  Son. 

Prove  it  directly  from  Holy  Scripture. 

Isa.  vi.  3.  The  Holy  Ghost  is  magnified  by  the 
heavenly  host  equally  with  the  Father  and  the  Son. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression  "  very  God  1" 

That  He  is  God  in  the  fullest  sense. 

Show  that  He  is  "  eternal  God." 

It  would  follow  from  His  being  the  Spirit  of  the 


ES. 


ARTICLE   V. 


27 


i  Father,"  aiid  Father,  because   lie  must   endure   as  long  as  the 

Father, 
n.  Prove  it  directly  from  Scripture, 

is  called  "  the      Ileb.  ix.  14.    IIo  is  called  "  the  eternal  Spirit." 

ather  and  the 


ith  the  Father 

Son  is  of  one 
)re  the  Holy 
lier.  He  must 

ice   with   the 

I  dwelling  in 

d  glory  with 

ibstance  with   1 


lified  by  the  | 
lid  the  Son. 
!ry  God  V 


'#' 


Spirit  of  the 


'S 


22 


CATECHISM   ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


PART  II. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  second  division  of  the 
thirty-nine  Articles  ] 
The  rule  of  faith. 
What  Articles  does  it  comprise  ? 
From  the  sixth  to  the  eighth  inclusive. 

Article  VI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  sixth  Article? 

"  The  sufficiency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  for  salva- 
tion.'' 

What  is  the  declaration  of  the  article  on  this 
subject  1 

"  Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to 
salvation." 

What  presumption  is  there  from  reason  in  favour 
of  this  assertion  1 

As  God  knew  the  uncertainty  and  variableness  of 
traditionary  knowledge,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  He  provided  that  whatever  was  necessary  to 
salvation  should  be  committed  to  writing. 

Support  it  from  Scripture. 

2  Tim.  iii.  15-17.  This  being  true  of  the  Old 
Testament  under  the  old  dispensation,  it  follows  by 
analogy  that  it  is  true  of  that  and  the  New  Testa- 
ment united  under  the  new  dispensation. 


^  It 

tradi 

In 

Scri} 

an  A 
necci 

F< 
direc 

F. 

In 
take; 

b\ 

:    In 

in  th 
any 

privi 
H 

,whai 
Mo  r 
i     H 

the< 
It 

pies 
tChri 


..liSki 


iKS< 


ARTICLK    VI. 


23 


division  of  the 


^e. 


'     What  other  ground  is  there  for  ))clicving  it? 
•     It  was  held  in  the  primitive  Church  without  con- 
tradiction and  for  many  hundreds  of  years. 

In  what  sense  does  the  Article  assert  that  TToly 
Scripture  contains  all  things  necessary  for  salvation  1 

*'  That  whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor  may  he 
"^proved  thereby^  is  not  to  be  required  to  be  believed  as 
an  Article  of  the  Faith,  or  to  be  thought  requisite  or 
necessary  for  salvation." 

*    For  what  class  of  persons  in  the  Church  is  this 
direction  principally  intended  1 

For  those  who  teach  and  govern. 

In  what  sense  is  the  term  "o/*  any  man"  to  be 

j^taken  1 

f 

By  any  man. 
In  what  manner  may  those  who  teach  and  govern 
s  necessary  to    in  the  Church  require  persons  to  believe  and  think  in 

Mny  particular  manner  1   • 
ason  in  favour        By  censuring  them,  or  depriving  them  of  Church 

|iprivileges,  if  they  do  not  so  believe  or  think, 
ariableness  of  *      How  can  they  know  what  they  believe  or  think  ? 
le  to  suppose  '     When  they  either  deny  the  truth  or  necessity  of 
necessary  to   .  what  they  are  taught,  or  act  so  as  to  show  that  they 
tig.  jdo  not  receive  it  as  true  or  necessary.  • 

^     How  far  does  the  Article  affect  the  members  of 


.rticle  ? 

ures  for  salva- 

rticle  on  this 


}  of  the  Old 
it  follows  by 
3  New  Testa- 
1. 


the  Church  generally  1 

It  shows  that  they  cannot,  according  to  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Church,  be  censured  or  debarred  from 
Christian  privileges  for  disbelieving  or  refusing  to 


1 


24 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


acknowledge  as  necessary  to  salvation,  things  which 
are  not  directly  contained  in  the  Scriptures,  or  are 
not  proved  from  them. 

What  docs  the  Oiurch  here  mean  by  "  Holy  Scrip 
tureT 

"  Those  canonical  books  of  the  Old  and  New  Tes- 
tament,  of  whose  authority  there  was  never  any 
doubt  in  the  Cliurch." 

What  is  meant  by  canonical  books  1 

Tliose  books  which  contahi  the  rule  of  Cliristiau 
faith  and  duty,  and  by  which  consequently  contro- 
versies may  and  ought  to  be  decided. 

Why  are  they  called  canonical? 

The  word  canon  signifies  a  rule. 

Mention  the  canonical  books  of  the  Old  Testament. 

Genesis,  Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  Deuterono- 
my, Joshua,  Judges,  Ruth,  the  First  Book  of  Samuel, 
the  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  the  First  Book  of  Kings, 
the  Second  Book  of  Kings,  the  First  Book  of  Chron- 
icles, the  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  the  First  Book  of 
Esdras,  the  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  the  Book  of  Esther, 
the  Book  of  Job,  the  Psalms,  the  Proverbs,  Eccle- 
siastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,  or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
Four  Prophets  the  greater.  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

What  is  meant  by  the  first  and  second,  books  of 
Esdras 1 

The  books  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah. 

Why  is  the  book  of  Nehemiah  called  tho  second 
book  of  Esdras  ? 


B 
of  I 

Is 

tioiK 

B 

Jere 

y\ 

II 

hum 
achi. 

W 
taini] 

Tl 
Esdr 
rest 
Jesu! 
Song 
of  B 
Firsi 
cabe 

W 
calle 

Tl 

I   Tl 


m 


E 


LES. 


ARTICLE   VI. 


25 


1,  things  which 
iptures,  or  are 


f  "  Holy  Scrip. 

and  New  Tes- 
as  never  any 

le  of  Christian 
[uently  contro- 


)ld  Testament, 
rs,  Doutevono- 
3ok  of  Samuel, 
Book  of  Kings, 
ook  of  Chron- 
First  Book  of 
^ook  of  Esther, 
overbs,  Eccle- 
3  of  Solomon, 
phets  the  less. 
!ond  books  of 


ed  the  second 


Because  it  contains  the  continuation  of  the  history 
of  Ezra. 

Who  are  the  four  greater  prophets  ? 

Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezckiel,  and  Daniel. 

Why  are  not  the  Lamentations  of  Jeremiah  men- 
tioned here  ? 

Because  they  arc  considered  part  of  the  book  of 
Jeremiah. 

Who  are  the  twelve  lesser  prophets  ? 

Ilosea,  Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah,  Jonah,  Micah,  Na- 
hum,  Habakkuk,  Zephaniah,  Ilaggai,  Zechariah,  Mal- 
achi. 

What  other  books  does  the  Article  mention  as  per- 
taining to  the  Old  Testament  ? 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  the  Fourth  Book  of 
Esdras,  the  Book  of  Tobias,  the  Book  of  Judith,  the 
rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  the  Book  of  Wisdom, 
Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach,  Baruch  the  Prophet,  the 
Song  of  the  Three  Children,  the  Story  of  Susanna, 
of  Bel  and  the  Dragon,  the  Prayer  of  Manasses,  the 
First  Book  of  Maccabees,  the  Second  Book  of  Mac- 
cabees. 

What  are  the  third  and  fourth  books  of  Esdras 
called  in  our  common  Bibles  ? 

The  first  and  second  books  of  Esdras. 
'     What  is  the  book  of  Tobias  called  ? 

The  book  of  Tobit. 
,    What  is  the  book  of  Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach  called  ? 
5     Ecclesiasticus. 

3 


1 


I 


m 


i 


III 


I: 


Tl! 


26 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


Who  are  "  the  Three  Children"  here  mentioned  ? 

Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego. 

What  Manasses  is  the  one  mentioned  1 

Manasseh  the  son  of  Hezekiah. 

What  difference  is  there  between  the  use  of  these 
books  and  that  of  the  canonical  books  ? 

The  canonical  books  are  used  both  to  give  us  prac- 
tical examples  and  instruction,  and  to  establish  doc- 
trines ;  the  other  books  are  not  applied  to  establish 
doctrine,  but  only  read  "  for  example  of  life  and  in- 
struction  of  manners"  or  conduct.  ♦ 

Why  does  the  Church  make  this  difference  between 
these  books'? 

Because  the  whole  Church  of  Christ  for  four  hun- 
dred years  made  such  a  difference. 

But  do  these  books  then  differ  in  nothing  from  com- 
mon  religious  or  historical  books  ? 

They  differ  in  this  respect,  that  their  "writers  are 
considered  to  be  trustworthy  and  credible  in  matters 
of  example  and  precept. 

Where  does  the  Church  show  that  this  is  her 
opinion  ] 

Partly  by  many  expressions  in  the  Homilies,  and 
partly  by  appointing  some  portions  of  them  to  be 
read  in  divine  service  on  the  saints'  days. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  Apocrypha  ? 

It  means  doubtful.  That  is,  the  Church  does  not 
determine  respecting  the  authenticity  or  genuineness 
of  these  books. 


W 

acco 
Tl 

thel 
F 

,  appo 
Stat( 

F] 
thel 

y\ 

Heb 

Tl 
;i    F( 

F( 
to  su 

M 
meni 

Tl 
acco] 
Luke 
Acts 
the 
Pete 
St.  J 
3     W 


•  D 

caJend 
daily  s 
tory  01 


III 


ss. 


ARTICLE    VI. 


27 


mentioned  ? 

le  use  of  these 

)  give  us  prac- 
establish  doc- 
d  to  establish 
of  life  and  in- 

rence  between 

t  for  four  hun- 

ling  from  com- 

ir  writers  are 
ble  in  matters 

t   this   is   her 

Homilies,  and 
f  them  to  be 

pocrypha  ? 
urch  does  not 
)r  genuineness 


Which  of  these  books  are  never  read  in  Church, 
taccordmg  to  the  calendar  of  the  Church  of  England? 

The  books  of  Esdras,  the  prayer  of  Manasses,  and 
the  books  of  the  Maccabees.* 

From  which  of  the  Apocryphal  books  are  lessons 
appointed  in  the  calendar  of  the  Church  in  the  United 
States'? 

From  the  book  of  Wisdom,  and  Ecclesiasticus  or 
the  book  of  Jesus  the  Son  of  Sirach. 

Which  of  these  books  is  quoted  by  St.  Paul  in 
Heb.  xll 

The  second  book  of  Maccabees.  ^ 

I     For  what  purpose  ? 

For  example  of  life ;  to  show  that  faith  leads  men 
to  suffer  courageously  in  the  cause  of  God. 

Mention  the  canonical  books  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment. , 

The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Matthew,  the  Gospel 
according  to  St.  Mark,  the  Gospel  according  to  St. 
^Luke,  and  the  Gospel  according  to  St.  John;  the 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  fourteen  Epistles  of  St.  Paul, 
the  Epistle  of  St.  James,  the  two  Epistles  of  St. 
Peter,  the  three  Epistles  of  St.  John,  the  Epistle  of 
St.  Jude,  the  Apocalypse,  or  Revelation  of  St.  John. 
I     Was  there  not  some  doubt  at  an  early  period 

•  During  the  latter  months  of  the  year,  according  to  the  English 
calendar,  (from  Sept.  27th  to  Nov.  23d,)  lessons  are  appointed  in  the 
daily  service  from  Tobit,  Judith,  Wisdom,  Ecclesiasticus,  Baruch,  His- 
tory of  Susanna,  and  Bel  and  the  Dragon.  ,    . 


9. 


28 


CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


whether  the  Apocalypse  and  some  of  the  Epistles 
should  be  regarded  as  canonical  ?  ■ 

Not  in  the  Church  at  large,  but  only  by  some  par- 
ticular  persons  or  churches. 

Article  VII. 

"What  is  the  subject  of  the  seventh  Article  ? 
"  The  Old  Testament." 

What  are  the  two  questions  concerning  the  Old 
Testament,  chiefly  treated  of  in  this  Article  1 

1.  Whether  the  promises  of  the  Old  Test'ament 
were  merely  transitory  and  temporal. 

2.  In  what  degree  the  Old  Testament  is  binding 
upon  Christians. 

How  does  the  Article  decide  the  first  question  ? 

"  They  are  not  to  be  heard,  which  feign  that  the 
old  Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory  promises." 

Who  are  meant  by  "  the  old  Fathers  ?" 

The  good  men  whose  history  is  recorded  in  the  Old 
Testament. 

How  does  the  Article  prove  that  they  looked  for 
something  more  than  transitory  promises  1 

By  asserting  that  "  the  Old  Testament  is  not  con- 
trary to  the  New :  for  both  in  the  Old  and  New 
Testament  everlasting  life  is  offered  to  Mankind  by 
Christ,  who  is  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and 
Man,  being  both  God  and  Man." 

Prove  that  everlasting  life  was  offered  to  mankind 
under  the  Old  Testament. 


ES. 

3f  the  Epistles 
y  by  some  par- 


ARTICLE    VII. 


29 


A^rticle  ? 

jrning  the  Old 

rticle  ? 

Old  Test'ament 

lent  is  binding 

st  question  ? 
feign  that  the 
y  promises." 

rded  in  the  Old 

hej  looked  for 
ses? 

lent  is  not  con- 
Old  and  New 
:o  Mankind  by 
»veen  God  and 

ed  to  mankind 


David,  in  Psalm  xvi.  11,  contemplated  a  "life  in 
God's  presence,  where  there  is  fulness  of  joy  and 
pleasures  for  evermore :"  and  St.  Paul,  in  Ileb.  xi. 
13-16,  says,  respecting  the  ancient  Israelites,  that 
"  they  looked  for  a  better  country,  that  is,  a  heav- 
enly ;"  and  our  Lord  testifies  that  the  Jews  thouglit 
that  in  the  Scriptures  they  had  eternal  life. 

Prove  that  it  was  offered  through  Christ. 

Gen.  xxii.  18 ;  Gal.  iii.  1(5 ;  St.  John  viii.  50 ;  1 
Cor.  X.  4.  Abraham  was  told  that  in  his  seed,  which 
is  Christ,  all  nations  should  be  blessed ;  and  our  Lord 
testifies  that  Abraham  saw  the  day  of  Christ  and  was 
glad  ;  and  St.  Paul,  that  the  Israelites  "  drank  of  that 
spiritual  Rock  that  followed  them ;  and  that  Rock 
was  Christ." 

Why  could  not  eternal  life  be  offered  to  mankind 
by  any  other  than  Christ  1 
■^     Because  He  is  the  only  Mediator  between  God  and 
man.     1  Tim.  ii.  5. 

What  is  meant  by  His  being  the  only  Mediator 

between  God  and  man  1 

J     That  He  alone  has  opened  a  way  of  reconciliation 

between  God  and  all  mankind,  by  offering  Himself  a 

sacrifice  for  all  men.    See  Isa.  liii.  5,  6 ;  1  Tim.  ii.  G. 

Why  is  it  especially  stated  that  He  is  "  both  God 
and  man  1" 
I      Because  that  fully  qualified  Him  to  be  a  Mediator 
between  God  and  man. 

What  is  the  second  subject  treated  of  in  the  Ai'ticle  ? 

3* 


I 

i 


80 


CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


The  degree  in  which  the  Old  Testament  is  bmdiiig 
upon  Christians. 

How  does  the  Article  decide  the  question  1 

That  "  the  Law  given  from  God  by  Moses,  as  touch- 
ing  Ceremonies  and  Rites,  does  not  bind  Christian 
men,"  and  that  "  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  not 
of  necessity  to  be  received  in  any  commonwealth ;" 
but  that  "  no  Christian  man  whatsoever  is  free  from 
the  obedience  of  the  Commandments  which  are  called 
Moral." 

Prove  that  the  law  of  Moses  docs  not  bind  Chris- 
tians in  regard  to  ceremonies  and  rites. 

St.  Paul  blames  Christians  for  thinking  it  necessary 
to  observe  the  "  holy  days,  new  moons,  and  sabbaths" 
of  the  law  of  Moses,  and  the  law  of  circumcision. 
See  Gal.  iii.  24,  25,  compared  with  iv.  9, 10 ;  v.  1,  2; 
Col.  ii.  16,  17.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  many  of  the 
Levitical  ordinances  were  typical  of  sacraments  and 
rites  in  the  Christian  Church. 

What  do  you  mean  by  the  "  Civil  precepts"  of  the 
Law  of  Moses  ? 

The  precepts  which  concern  men  as  members  of 
society  under  earthly  rulers. 

Prove  that  they  are  not  binding  upon  Christians. 

Rom.  xiii.  1.  Because  under  the  New  Testament 
we  arc  required  to  be  "  subject  to  the  higher  powers" 
of  the  country  in  which  we  live,  which  is  inconsistent 
with  observing  the  law  of  Moses. 


1 

ton( 

^^    y 

Ii 

P 

S 

His 

do 

don 

oft 


mig 


II 

"V 

A 
,cert 

"V 
Cre 

1 
Chr 
Mo 
Uni 

I 

gre 

A.I 


What  is  meant  by  "  the  moral  commandments  1"       Go: 


.ES. 


ARTICLE    VIII. 


31 


nent  is  binding        Those  commandments  which  regulate  cm*  general 

'tondiict  towards  God  and  each  other. 
^    Where  are  they  briefly  summed  up  ? 

In  the  Ten  Commandments. 

Prove  that  they  are  binding  upon  Christians. 

St.  Matt.  V.  17-20 ;  Kom.  viii.  4.  Our  Lord  in 
Ills  sermon  on  the  ]Mount  says  that  "  whosoever  shall 
do  and  teach  them,  shall  be  called  great  in  the  king- 
dom of  heaven ;"  and  St.  Paul  says  that  the  object 
of  the  Gospel  is  "  that  the  righteousness  of  the  law 
miffht  be  fulfilled  in  us." 


estion  ? 

closes,  as  touch- 
bind  Christian 
ireof  ought  not 
nmonwealth ;" 
er  is  free  from 
hich  are  called 


not  bind  Chris- 
>. 

ng  it  necessary 
and  sabbaths" 
f  circumcision. 
^,10;  V.  1,2; 
3,  many  of  the 
acraments  and 

recepts"  of  the 

s  members  of 

Q  Christians, 
ew  Testament 
ligher  powers" 
is  inconsistent 

landments  ?" 


Article  VIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eighth  Article  1 

"  Tlie  Three  Creeds." 
"^    What  is  a  Creed  ? 

A  form  of  words  in  which  we  profess  our  belief  in 
certain  divine  things  or  truths.  - 

i    What  is  the  Creed  which  is  here  named  "  Nicene 
Creed  1" 

That  which  is  said  in  the  Communion  Office,  in  the 
Church  of  England,  and  allowed  to  be  said  in  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Service  in  the  Church  in  the 
United  States. 
f     Why  is  it  called  Nicene  ? 

Because  it  contains  the  Creed  drawn  up  at  the 
.great  council  of  bishops,  held  at  Nicasa,  in  Bithynia, 
A.  D.   325,   as    afterwards    enlarged  at  the    second 
General  Council,  of  Constantinople,  a.  d.  381. 


, 


32 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


What  were  the  chief  objects  of  it  1 

To  declare  the  true  faith  in  the  Godhead  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ,  in  opposition  to  those  who  taught 
that  lie  was  not  God,  equally  with  the  Father  ;  and 
to  declare  the  Godhead  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

[What  is  tlie  Ci-eed  here  named  "  Athanasius' 
Creed  f'* 

That  which  is  used  in  Morning  Prayer  on  certain 
days  instead  of  the  Apostles'  Creed. 

Why  is  it  called  "Athanasius'  Creed?" 

Because  it  was  drawn  up  in  support  of  the 
doctrines  for  which  iVthanagius  contended  and  suf- 
fered. 

Who  was  St.  Athanasius  1 

An  archbishop  of  Alexandria,  who  flourished  at 
the  time  of  the  council  of  Nica)a,  and  for  many  years 
after. 

What  were  the  doctrines  supported  by  him  ? 

The  true  doctrines  in  regard  to  the  Father,  Son, 
and  Holy  Ghost,  and  in  regard  to  the  Godhead  and 
Manhood  of  Christ.] 

Why  is  the  other  Creed  called  "  the  Apostles'  1" 

Because  it  contains  the  doctrme  taught  by  the 
Apostles  to  new  converts. 

What  does  the  Article  say  with  respect  to  these 
Creeds  ? 

•  The  part  in  brackets  applies  to  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  En- 
gland only ;  mention  of  the  Athanasian  Creed  having  been  omitted  in 
the  Article  in  the  American  Prayer-book. 


Tl 
belie 

V\ 

B( 
ed  t( 

V^ 
rece 

wan 

T 

of  fi 

H 

cone 
B 
fi'om 
ondl 
to  h 


m 


^K 


LES. 

jroclhcad  of  our 
Loso  who  taught 
le  Father ;  and 
host. 
I   "  Athanasius' 

ayer  on  certain 

d?" 

upport    of  the 

ended  and  suf. 


)   flourished  at 
for  many  years 

[  bv  him  ? 

le  Father,  Son, 

Q  Godhead  and 


ARTICLE    VIII. 


33 


t 


That  "  they  ought  thoroughly  to  bo  received  and 
believed." 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  say  this  ? 

Because  there  were  persons  and  sects  who  object- 
ed to  them,  either  in  whole  or  in  part. 

What  reason  does  the  Article  give  why  we  should 
receive  and  believe  them  thus  thoroughly  1 

"Because  they  may  be  proved  by  most  certain 
warrants  of  Holy  Scripture." 

Who  determines  that? 

The  Church,  as  "  having  authority  in  controversies 
of  faith." 

How  does  the  Church  carry  out  this  declaration 
concerning  the  Creeds  ? 

By  requiring  the  profession  of  the  Apostles'  Creed 
fi'om  every  person,  first  before  Baptism,  and  sec- 
ondly before  Confirmation  ;  and  by  appointing  them 
to  be  rehearsed  by  the  congregation  in  divine  worship. 


3  Apostles'  r     I 
taught  by  the 

aspect  to  these    ■ 


f  the  Church  of  En- 
Qg  been  omitted  in 


li 


if 


1 


I 


1  ;. 


34 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


rART   III, 


.  \^ 

fihilc 
II 

by! 
What  is  the  subject  of  the  third  division  of  the     ^^ 

Articles'? 

The  spiritual  condition  of  man. 

What  Articles  does  it  comprise? 


T 


From  the  ninth  to  the  eighteenth  inclusive. 


A-RTICLE  IX. 


Ada 
P 
his  r 
J< 
of  J 
aiis\ 
won 


"What  is  the  subject  of  th3  ninth  Article? 

"  Original  or  Birth-Sin." 

What  is  original  sin] 

"It  is  the  fault  and  corruption  of  the  Nature  of  have 

every  man,  that  naturally  is  engendered  of  the  off  P 

spring  of  Adam."  the 

What  is  the  effect  or  operation  of  this  fault   or  G 

corruption?  is  n 

That  by  it "  man  is  very  far  gone  from  original  right-  hcai 

eousness,  and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil."  pcr£ 

What  is  meant  by  "  every  man  that  naturally  is  selv 

engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Adam  ?"  heai 

Every  one  that  is  born  of  a  father  and  mother  ^ 

descended  from  Adam.  ^    1 

Why  is  that  expression  introduced  1  ^ 

To  show  that  the  Article  does  not  speak  of  Jesus  Spi 

Christ,  who  was  not  naturally  "  engendered  of  the  ^ 

offspring  of  Adam."  Spi 


LE8. 


•  *x 


ARTICLE    IX. 


35 


\  division  of  the 


iclusive. 


rticle  ? 


ij  What  then  is  the  natural  condition  of  every  other 
ifliild  of  Adam  ? 

He  has  that  "  fault  or  corruption  of  nature,  where- 
by he  is  very  far  gone  from  original  righteousness, 
and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil." 

What  is  meant  by  "  original  righteousness  ?" 
'    The  state  of  innocence  and  divine  favour  in  which 
Adam  and  Eve  were  created. 

Prove  that  every  man  has  a  fiiult  or  corruption  of 
,l>is  nature. 

Job  XXV.  4;  Rom.  v.  12,  15,  17-19.  In  the  book 
of  Job  it  is  inquired,  as  though  admitting  of  only  one 
answer,  "How  can  he  be  clean  that  is  born  of  a 
woman "?"  and  St.  Paul  shows  that  in  Adam  all  men 
'  the  Nature  of  have  sinned  and  become  liable  to  condemnation, 
ired  of  the  off-       Prove  that  this  fault  reaches  to  the  extent  which 

the  Article  states. 
f  this  fault   or       Gen.  viii.  21 ;  Jer.  xvii.  9  ;  Ps.  xiv.  2,  3.     "  There 

is  none  that  doeth  good,  no  not  one  ;"  and  "  the 
n  original  right-  heart  of  man  is  deceitful  above  all  things  and  des- 
ined  to  evil."  perately  wicked ;"  and  when  men  were  left  to  them- 
hat  naturally  is  selves,  "  every  imagination  of  the  thought  of  their 
"  hearts  was  only  evil  and  that  continually." 

er  and  mother       What  do  you  mean  by  "  the  flesh  ?" 

The  mind  of  man  in  his  natural  state  since  the  fall. 
What  is  meant  by  its  "lusting  contrary  to  the 
speak  of  Jesus    Spirit  ?"         . 

indered  of  the        That  it  is  always  inclined  to  go  contrary  to  the 

Spirit  of  God. 


,!*•■; 


30 


CATKl'fllHM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


Prove  that  this  is  the  case.  'E]^"^ 

Gal.   V.    17 ;    Koni.  viii.  7.     "  The   flesh  lustott  ^jj^'i; 
against  the  Spirit,"  and  "  the  carnal  mind  is  enmit)      js^^ 
against  God/'  ^jj,,,^., 

How  docs  this  circumstance  affect  our  state  in  the  ^^f,.. 


sight  of  God  ? 


savec 


"  In  every  person  born  into  this  world  it  deserves  ^y 
God's  wrath  and  damnation."  pcrsc 

Show  that  this  is  the  case.  ^ 

Eph.  ii.  3;  Kom.  v.  IS.  Wc  are  *'by  nature  ^jj^  ^, 
children  (jf  wrath,"  and  "judgment  is  come  upon  all  Hon 
men  to  condemnation."  ]^^ 

Why  is  this  the  case  1  tirclv 

Because  God  is  holy,  and  must  be  displeased  with  N( 
any  degree  of  sin.  ref'cr 

How  may  this  wrath  and  damnation  bo  re-  \V 
moved  1  "  [ 

"  There  is  no  condemnation  for  them  that  believe  of  th 
and  are  baptized."  both 

What  passages  of  Scripture  show  this?       '  II. 

St.  Mark  xvi.  16;  St.  John  v.  24.  B3 

What  class  of  baptized  persons  are  not  contem-  in  th 
plated  in  this  part  of  the  Article  ?  Qi 

Children  who  are  too  young  to  exercise  faith.  case. 

How  does  it  appear  that  they  are  not  contem-  1  i 
plated  1  \\ 

Because  the  Article  only  declares  that  those  who  cond 
believe  and  are  baptized  are  not  under  condemnation.    * 

Are  they  therefore  excluded  by  the  Church  of        • 


LES. 


ARTICLE    TX. 


87 


e   flesh  lustetl 
mind  is  oninit) 

our  state  in  the 

orld  it  deserves 


re   "by  nature 
come  upon  all 


displeased  with 
lation    bo    re- 
n  that  believe 
is?      ' 
e  not  contem- 

cise  faith, 
not  contem- 

hat  those  who 
condemnation, 
le  Church  of 


Eiifrlaiul  from  dulivcranco  from  the  guilt  of  original 
sin? 

No;  for  the  conclusion  of  tho  OfTKH",  of  Infant  I>np- 
tisiii*  doelarcs  that  all  baptized  infants  dying  before 
thoy  have  committed  actual  sin  arc  undoubtedly 
saved. 

What  Is  the  faith  which  must  be  in  those  adult 
persons  who  are  delivered  from  condemnation  ? 
-•  A  full  confidence  in  God  and  hearty  reception  of 
the  whole  Gospel  as  the  way  of  salvation.     See  tho 
Homily  on  Faith,  Part  I. 

But  arc  those  who  believe  and  are  baptized  en- 
tirely delivered  from  original  sin? 

No ;  "  this  hifcction  of  nature  remains  even  in  tlic 
regenerate. 


?? 


Who  are  meant  by  "  them  that  are  regenerated  ?" 

"  Them  that  are  baptized  :"  for  in  the  Latin  copy 
of  the  Articles,  the  same  word,  renatis,  is  used  for 
both  hajHized  and  regenerated. 

How  does  this  infection  show  itself  ? 
•  By  its  fruits :  for  by  it  "  the  lust  of  the  flesh,"  even 
in  the  regenerate,  "  is  not  subject  to  the  law  of  God." 

Quote  some  Scripture,  showing  that  this  is  the 
case. 

1  St.  John  ii.  16  ;  Rom.  viii.  7. 

What  effect  has  this  infection  upon  the  spiritual 
condition  of  those  who  believe  and  are  baptized  ? 

•  In  the  Rubric  of  the  Prayer-book  of  the  Church  of  England. 


^W|f|| 


38  CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 

Althoiirrh  thov  arc  not  under  condemnation,  thc\ 
yet  need  continual  forgiveness,  even  if  not  guilty  o: 
actual  sin. 

IIow  do  you  show  tins'? 

"  The  Apostle  doth  confess,  that  concupiscence  am 
lust  hath  of  itself  the  nature  of  sin." 

What  Apostle  1 

St.  Paul,  Rom.  viii.  7 ;  where  after  saying,  "  I  hat 
not  known  sin,  but  by  the  law,"  he  brings  us  an  ex 
ample,  "  I  had  not  known  lust,  except  the  law  hac 
said.  Thou  shalt  not  covet ;"  thus  making  "  lust,"  thai 
is,  desire  of  forbidden  things^  a  kind  of  sin. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  tenth  Article  1 

"  Free-Will." 

How  is  the  will  of  man  affected  by  original  cor 
ruption  1 

"  The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  Adam  i: 
such,  that  he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  himself,  by  his 
own  natural  strength  and  good  works,  to  faith,  anc 
calling  upon  God." 

To  what  caimot  man  turn  and  prepare  himself? 

To  faith  and  calling  upon  God. 

Cannot  he  do  this  at  alH 

Not  by  his  own  natural  strength  and  good  works. 

Why  do  you  say  that  this  is  caused  by  origina 
corruption  ? 


B. 

fall  ( 
P 
K 

that 
man 
are 

of  01 

oft] 
It 

Ofst 

t  ^ 

«po 

toG 

T 

will, 

will. 

y\ 

Si 

P 

J( 

imtc 

fct.  t 
B 

\ 


■*»l 


LES. 


■^ 


ARTICLE    X. 


39 


lomnation,  the\        Bec<ause  the  Article  teaches  that  it  is  "  since  the 
if  not  guilty  o:    ftill  of  Adam." 

f    Prove  that  this  is  the  ease. 

:    Kom.  viii.  8  ;  1  Cor.  ii.  14  ;  2  Cor.  iii.  5.     "They 
ncupisccnce  ant    .that  arc  in  the  flesh  cannot  please  God :  the  natural 
.  man  receiveth  not  the  things  of  the  Spirit  of  God  ;  we 
are  not  sufficient  of  ourselves  to  think  any  thing  as 
of  ourselves." 

What  connection  has  this  fact  with  the  condition 
of  the  will  of  man  1 

It  shows  that  natural  corruption  deprives  the  will 


saying,  "  I  hai 
brings  us  an  ex 
pt  the  law  hac 
ing  "  lust,"  tha; 
f  sin. 


'tide  1 

by  original  cor 

fall  of  Adam  v. 

himself,  by  hii 

cs,  to  faith,  anc 

are  himself? 


id  good  works, 
sed  by  origina 


of  strength  effectually  to  choose  what  is  good. 

What  then  does  our  will  need,  in  order  to  give  us 
*'  power  to  do  good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable 
.  to  Gu<]  T 

To  be  prevented,  that  we  may  have  a  good 
will,  and  to  be  assisted,  when  we  have  that  good 
will. 

What  is  meant  by  jvcveuti/if/  our  wills  ? 

Stirring  them  up  and  directing  them. 

Prove  that  we  need  this. 

John  vi.  44.  Our  Lord  said,  "  No  man  can  come 
unto  ^le,  except  the  Father  draw  him." 

What  supplies  this  need  of  ours  ? 

"  The  grace"  or  favour  "  of  God."     Phil.  ii.  13  ; 
St.  John  vi.  44. 
I    By  whom  does  this  grace  come  to  mankind  ? 

"  By  Christ." 

What  is  necessary  after  we  have  a  good  will] 


40  CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 

m 
"  The  grace  of  God  working  with  us."     St.  Jok    , 

XV.  o,  resj 

To  what  purpose  ?  'j 

To  make  our  will   effectual  to  do  good  works,    ^q^ 

Phil.  ii.  13.  A 

Article  XI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eleventh  Article  ? 

"  The  Justification  of  Man." 

What  is  meant  here  by  "  the  justification  of  man  f' 

His  being  "  accounted  righteous  before  God." 

Prove  that  we  are  not  justified  by  our  own  works 
or  deservings. 

It  follows  from  our  being  unable  by  our  owk 
natural  strength  to  do  works  acceptable  unto  God. 

Prove  it  directly  from  Scripture.  * 


Ho] 
T 
Ii 

owr 

u 

doii 
Ii 

whc 
.^  E 


Kom.  iii.  20-24.     St.  Paul  says  that  "no  flesh  the 

shall  be  justified  in  God's  sight  by  the  deeds  of  the  tion 

law ;"  and  that  we  are  "justified  freely  by  His  grace  we  i 

through  the  redemption  that  is  in  Christ  Jesus."  by  ' 

By  what  means  on  the  part  of  man  arc  we  jus-  mo^ 

tifiedl  I    Ii 

"  By  foith."     Rom.  lii.  28  ;  v.  1.  ^   L 

Docs  not  that  imply  some  deserving  on  our  part  ?  cou 

No  ;  we  are  justified  "  only  for  the  merit  of  our  I 

Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ."     Rom.  iii.  24.  trin 

When  it  is  said  that  we  are  justified  "by  faith  I 

only,"  what  does  the  Article  mean  to  exclude  1  beii 

Our  own  works.     Rom.  iii.  28.  saci 


^ 


^LiEot 


ARTICLE   XI. 


41 


us."    St.  Jok 


lo  good  works, 


I  Article? 

cation  of  man  f 
fore  God." 
our  own  works 

3  by  our   owe 
)le  unto  God. 

that  "  no  flesh 
le  deeds  of  the 
[j  by  His  grace 
'ist  Jesus." 
lan  arc  we  jus- 


ig  on  our  part  ? 
e  merit  of  our 
m.  iii.  24. 
ified  "by  faith 
exclude  1 


'    What  general  statement  does  the  Article  make 
respecting  this  doctrine  ? 

That  it  "  is  most  wholesome,  and  very  full  of 
comfort." 
'     Where  is  this  "  more  largely  expressed  ?" 

"  In  the  Homily  of  Justification." 

What  is  the  title  of  this  Homily  in  the  Book  of 
Homilies  ? 

The  Homily  of  Salvation. 

In  what  sense  does  this  Homily  teach  us  that  our 
own  works  are  excluded  from  justification  ? 

"  So  that  we  may  not  do  them^  to  be  made  just  by 
doing  them.''' 

In  what  way  dt  3s  the  Homily  show  that  this  is  "  a 
wholesome  doctrine  ?" 

>#  Because  it  "  expresses  the  weakness  of  man  and 
the  goodness  of  God  ;"  it  instructs  us  that  "justifica- 
tion is  the  office  of  God  only,  and  is  not  a  thing  which 
we  render  unto  Him,  but  which  we  receive  from  Him, 
by  His  free  mercy,  and  by  the  only  merits  of  His 
most  dearly  beloved  Son." 

In  what  respect  is  it  "  full  of  comfort  ?" 

Because  it  teaches  us  that  "  what  our  weakness 
could  not  do,"  hath  been  done  for  us. 

How  does  this  Homily  teach  us  to  apply  this  doc- 
trine to  the  case  of  infants  ? 

It  teaches  that  "  in  consequence  of  it,"  infants, 
being  baptized  and  dying  in  their  infancy,  are  by  this 
sacrifice  "  washed  from  their  sins,  brought  to  God's 


I 


i^ ; 


I 


li 


42 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


favour,  and  made  Ills  children,  and  inheritors  of  Ills 
kingdom  of  heaven." 

How  docs  it  teach  us  to  apply,  it  to  the  case  of 
those  who  live  to  commit  actual  sin  1 

It  informs  us  that  "they  which  in  act  or  deed  do 
sin  after  their  baptism,  when  they  turn  again  to  God 
unfeignedly,  they  are  likewise  washed  by  this  sacri- 
fice from  their  sins." 

ITow  do  we  know  that  these  words  refer  to  justi- 
fication by  Christ  ? 

Because  the  Homily  immediately  adds,  "  this  is 
that  justification  or  righteousness  which  St.  Paul 
speaketh  of,  when  he  saith,  no  man  is  justified  by  the 
works  of  the  law,  but  freely  by  faith  in  Jesus  Christ." 

Article  XII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twelfth  Article  ? 

"  Good  Works." 

What  works  of  man  are  really  good  1 

Those  "  which  are  the  fruits  of  Faith,  and  follow 
after  Justification." 

How  have  we  power  to  do  such  works  ? 

By  the  grace  of  God  by  Christ  preventing  us  and 
working  with  us. 

Why  cannot  such  works  "  put  away  our  sins  ?" 

Because  we  have  no  power  to  do  them  without  the 
grace  of  God. 

Why  cannot  they  "  endure  the  severity  of  God's 
judgment  ?" 


:s. 


ARTICLE    XIII. 


43 


critors  of  His 

to  the  case  of 

it  or  deed  do 
again  to  God 
by  tliis  sacri- 

refer  to  jiisti- 

dds,  "  this  is 
ich  St.  Paul 
stifled  by  the 
fesus  Christ." 

tide  ? 

,  and  follow 

nting  us  and 

ur  sins  ?" 
L  without  the 

:y  of  God's 


Ps.  cxxx.  3 ;  cxliii.  2.  Because  they  are  always 
more  or  less  imperfect. 

How  then  are  they  "  pleasing  and  acceptable  unto 

God  r 

Because  they  are  nevertheless  the  fruit  of  the 
•'  inspiration  of  His  Holy  Spirit." 

What  is  a  lively  faith  ? 

A  living  effectual  faith. 

Prove  that  good  works  arc  a  necessary  fruit  of  a 
lively  faith. 

St.  James  ii.  lG-18.  "Faith,  if  it  have  not  works, 
is  dead,  being  alone." 

What,  then,  is  the  connectiou  of  good  works  with 
justification  ? 

They  prove  that  we  continue  in  a  state  of  justifi- 
cation.    Rom.  viii.  5,  6 ;  1  St.  John  ii.  3. 

Article  XIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirteenth  Article  ? 

"  Works  before  Justification." 

What  phrase  is  used  in  this  Article  to  express  the 
same  sense  as  "justification'?" 

"  The  receiving  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the  inspi- 
ration of  his  Spirit." 

Wliat  do  you  infer  from  this  1 

That  the  communication  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ 
accompanies  the  grace  of  Christ  by  which  we  are 
justified. 


44 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Why  arc  works  done  before  justification  "  not 
pleasant  to  God?" 

Because  "  they  spring  not  of  faith  in  Jesus  Christ.'' 

How  does  that  make  them  unacceptable? 

Because  no  man  is  really  acceptable  to  God,  ex- 
cept in  Christ. 

What  other  negative  assertion  does  this  Article 
make  concerning  works  done  before  justification  ? 

That  they  do  not  "make  men  meet  to  receive 
grace." 

How  is  this  expressed  in  the  language  of  the  School- 
authors  1 

They  do  not  "  deserve  grace  of  congruityy 

Who  are  meant  by  "  the  School-authors  ?" 

The  learned  writers  whose  works  were  commonly 
used  in  colleges  and  universities  when  the  Reforma- 
tion commenced. 

What  did  they  mean  by  congruity  ? 

Fitness  or  suitableness. 

What  did  they  mean  by  deserving  grace  of  con- 
gruity  % 

Tliat  works  done  in  a  state  of  nature  might  make 
men  so  fit  to  receive  God's  favour,  that  they  might 
be  said  to  deserve  it. 

What  objection  does  the  Article  state  to  this 
opinion  ? 

That  works  done  by  man  in  a  state  of  nature  have 
the  nature  of  sin,  and  consequently  deserve  God's 
displeasure  rather  than  His  favour. 


B 

and 
H 
B 

byt 


\^ 

Com 

^^ 

Sc 

'     Tl 

and : 

\\ 

B( 

worl 
that 
they 
sake 
AA 
rend 
quin 
-  C] 
,  thos' 


BS.  IS 

ification  "  not 

Jesus  Christ.'' 

able? 

e  to  God,  ex. 

s   this  Articlo 
stification  ? 
)et  to  receive 

i  of  the  School" 

lors?" 

re  commonly 

the  Eeforma- 


AKTICLE   XIV. 


45 


grace  of  con- 

)■  might  make 
it  they  might 

state  to   this 

f  natm'e  have 
eserve  God's 


Why  have  all  such  works  the  nature  of  sin  ? 

Because  "  they  are  not  done  as  God  hath  willed 
and  commanded  them  to  be  done." 

How  so  1 

Because  by  nature  man  does  not  govern  himself 
by  the  will  of  God. 

Article  XIV. 

"What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourteenth  Article  1 

"  Works  of  Supererogation." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  expression  ? 

"  Voluntary  Works,  besidtss,  over  and  above,  God's 
Commandments." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  supererogation  ? 

Something  beyond  what  is  required. 

What  does  the  Article  say  respecting  such  works  ? 

That  "they  cannot  be  taught  without  arrogancy 
and  impiety." 

Why  so  ? 

Becraise  when  men  do  works  which  they  consider 
works  of  supererogation,  they  by  so  doing  "  decL'ire 
that  they  do  not  only  render  unto  God  as  much  as 
they  are  bound  to  do,  but  that  they  do  more  for  His 
sake  than  of  bounden  duty  is  required." 

What  objection  is  there  to  thinking  that  we  can 
render  unto  God  more  than  of  bounden  duty  is  re- 
quired 1 

•    Christ  saith  plainly,  "  When  ye  shall  have  done  all 
those  things  which  are  commanded  you,  say,  we  are 


46 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


'    I 


unprofitable  servants  :  we  have  done  that  whieh  was  P 

our  duty  to  do."     (Luke  xvii.  10.)  " 

IIow  does  that  alleet  the  question  1  sacr 

Because  if  we  could  render  to  God  more  than  qui  the  i 

duty  required,  we  should  be  profitable  servants.  *  P 

Why  is  it  necessary  to  protest  against  the  doctrim  Si 

of  works  of  supererogation  ?  He 

Because  some  have  taught  that  the  superabundant  of  tl 

works  of  holy  men  may  be  applied  to  make  amends  self 

for  the  deficiencies  of  others.  '\^ 

Article  XV. 


M 
1 

T 

St 

p 


1 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  fifteenth  Article  1 

"  Christ  alone  without  Sin." 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  ?  ' 

Tliat  no  human  being  has  ever  been  perfectly  fre( 
from  sin  but  Jesus  Christ. 

Where  have  we  already  seen  that  "  Christ  in  the 
truth  of  our  nature  was  made  like  unto  us  in  al  in  C 
things  f^ 

In  the  second  Article,  whore  He  is  said  to  h 
"  very  Man."  - 

In  what  respect  was  He  not  like  us  1 

In  sin. 

What  was  His  condition  in  regard  to  sin  ? 

He  was  "  clearly  void"  of  it,  "  both  in  His  flcsl 
and  in  His  Spirit." 

What  is  meant  by  being  void  of  sin  1 

Being  free  from  it. 


we  c 


and 
Si 
tons 

y\ 

is  w: 

T 

the] 


LES. 


ARTICLE    XV. 


47 


that  which  was        Prove  that  Jesus  Christ  was  thus  void  of  sin. 

"  ITc  came  to  be  a  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by 
sacrifice  of  Himself  once  made,  should  take  away 
I  more  than  oui    the  sins  of  the  world." 
e  servants.  '  Prove  this. 

inst  the  doctrim       St.  John  i.  29  ;  Ileb.  ix.  14,  28.     St.  John  says, 

Jle  is  "  the  Lamb  of  God,  that  taketh  away  the  sins 
J  superabmidani  of  the  world ;"  and  St.  Paul,  that  "  He  offered  Ilim- 
io  make  amends   self  without  spot  to  God." 

What  further  proof  does  the  Article  adduce  1 
- '    "  Sin,  as  St.  John  saith,  was  not  in  Ilim." 
Where  is  this  passage  ? 
1  St.  John  iii.  5. 

What  is  the  condition  of  all  other  men  ? 
They  "offend  in  many  things." 
Who  asserts  this  1 
St.  James  iii.  2. 

Prove  that  those  who  are  baptized  and  born  again 
unto  us  in  al  in  Christ  are  in  the  same  condition. 

1  St.  John  i.  8.     "  If  we  say  that  we  have  no  sin, 
is  said  to  h  \V8  deceive  ourselves,  and  the  truth  is  not  in  us." 

Show  that  this  applies  to  those  who  are  baptized 
?  and  born  again  in  Christ. 

'      St.  John's  Epistles  were  written  only  for  such  per- 
to  sin  ?  tons, 

►th  in  His  flGst       Why  was  it  necessary  to  assert  that  Christ  alone 

is  without  sin  ? 
n  ?  To  contradict  the  error  of  those  who  assert  that 

the  Blessed  Virgin  was  without  sin. 


Article  ? 

i\  perfectly  fret 
"  Christ  in  tk 


48 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Article  XVI. 

What  IS  tlic  subject  of  the  sixteenth  Article  1 

"  Sin  after  Baptism." 

What  led  to  the  drawing  up  of  this  Article  ? 

There  Averc  some  persons  who,  first,  said  "  that 
they  can  sin  no  more  as  long  as  they  live  here,"  and, 
secondly,  denied  '•  the  place  of  forgiveness  to  such  as 
truly  repent." 

What  viixs  the  ground  of  the  first  opinion  ? 

The  belief  that  "  after  we  have  received  the  Holy 
Ghost,"  we  cannot  "  depart  from  grace  given." 

How  do  we  know  that  this  cannot  be  true '? 

1  Cor.  ix.  27  ;  Ileb.  xii.  15.  St.  Paul  thought  it 
possible  for  a  person  "  to  fall  from  the  grace  of  God," 
and  even  for  himself  so  to  sin  as  to  be  "  a  castaway." 
See  also  Heb.  iii.  12,  13. 

What  evil  consequences  followed  from  this  error  1 

When  these  persons  fell  into  sin,  they  would  not 
confess  that  it  was  fvi,  and  thus  fell  from  one  degree 
of  sin  to  another. 

What  was  the  ground  of  their  second  opinion  ? 

They  thought  that  "  every  deadly  sin  committed 
after  baptism  is  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  un- 
pardonable ;"  and  consequently  that  after  we  have 
departed  from  grace  given  by  deadly  sin,  wc  cannot 
"  arise  again  and  amend  our  lives." 

What  is  a  deadly  sin  ? 


ARTICLE    XVir. 


40 


ss. 


Article  1 

Article  ? 
st,  said  "  that 
ivc  here,"  and, 
less  to  such  as 

n'nion  ? 

ived  the  Holy 


given." 
e  true  ? 
aul  thought  it 
^race  of  God," 
"  a  castaway." 

an  this  error  1 
ley  would  not 
)m  one  degree 

i  opinion  1 
>in  committed 
aliost,  and  un- 
ifter  we  have 
sin,  we  cannot 


A  sin  that  we  commit,  feeling  and  knowing  all  the 
time  that  we  are  doing  wrong. 

"Why  is  it  called  deadly  1 

Because  so  long  as  we  persist  in  it,  we  continue 
under  the  wrath  of  God,  and  cut  off  from  Ilim. 

Prove  that  deadly  sins  wilfully  committed  after 
baptism  are  not  unpardonable. 

Because  St.  John  says  to  Christians,  "  If  any  man 
sin,  we  have  an  advocate  witli  the  Father,  Jesus 
Christ  the  Righteous."  And  St.  Peter  encouraged 
Simon  Magus  to  hope  for  forgiveness  when  he  had 
committed  a  deadly  sin  after  baptism.  Acts  viii. 
9-24. 

Prove  that  after  we  have  departed  from  gi'ace 
given  and  fallen  into  sin,  we  may,  by  the  grace  of 
God,  rise  again  and  amend  our  lives. 

St.  Peter  rose  again  and  amended  his  life,  after  he 
had  departed  from  grace  given  by  denying  his  Lord. 

Article  XVII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  seventeenth  Article  1 
"  Predestination  and  Election." 
What  is  meant  by  "  predestination  ?" 
"The  everlasting  purpose  of  God."     Eph.  iii.  11. 
When  did  He  make  this  purpose  ? 
"  Before  the  foundations  of  the  world  were  laid." 
Eph.  i.  4. 

What  do  you  mean  by  "  election  ?" 


50 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    AllTICLES. 


God's  chousing  persons  out  of  the  rest  ofinankincl. 

What  chiss  of  persons  docs  prcdestlnjitiuu  hencfitl 

Those  Nv ho ni  (iod  "  hiith  chosen  in  Christ  out  of 
mankind."     Eph.  i.  4,  5. 

Whom  then  hath  (lod  so  chosen? 

Those  ^vholJl  lie  makes  iaemT)ers  of  Clirlst. 

And  \vli(»m  does  lie  make  members  of  Christ? 

Tiie  members  of  His  Church.  1  Cor.  xii.  27; 
Eph.  i.  28. 

To  wliat  benefit  arc  they  predestined  ? 

"  To  life." 

Exphiiu  this  more  fully. 

God  "  hath  constantly  decreed  by  His  counsel, 
secret  to  us,  to  deliver  them  from  curse  and  damna- 
tion, and  to  bring  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting  sal- 
vation." 

What  is  the  course  by  which  this  is  brought 
about  ? 

"  They  be  called,  according  to  God's  purpose,  by 
His  Spirit  working  in  due  season ;  they  through  Grace 
obey  the  calling :  they  be  justified  freely :  they  be 
made  sons  of  God  by  adoption  :  they  be  made  like 
the  image  of  His  only-begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ; 
they  walk  religiously  in  good  works,  and  at  length 
by  God's  mercy  they  attain  everlasting  felicity." 

Does  all  this  happen  to  all  the  members  of  the 
Church  ? 

It  happens  to  the  Qiurch  as  a  spiritual  body,  but 
not  to  all  the  members  of  it. 


our 


AllTICLK    XVII. 


61 


(  ofiniiiikliid. 
iitioii  IxMiefit! 
C'hri.st  out  of 


Christ, 
of  Chi'Ist  1 
Cor.  xii.  27 


ITis  counsel, 
ic  and  damna- 
v^crlastlng  sal- 


Is   is   brought 


s  purpose,  by 
through  Grace 
iely :  they  be 
be  made  like 
Jesus  Christ: 
md  at  length 
;  felicity." 
mbers  of  the 

nal  body,  but 


AVlm-t  makes  the  diHeronce  between  the  individual 
members  of  the  Church  ? 

Ilel).  iii.  12,  14,  1(>-18;  Iv.  11.  Whether  they 
hold  {n>>t  tlk'ii"  faith  and  the  ])n>fL'.ssion  of  it,  and 
lal)our  to  Improve  the  privileges  bestcjwod  upon 
them  ;  that  is,  whether  they  "  make  their  calling  and 
cleotion  sure."     2  St.  Pet.  i.  10. 

Are  all  the  members  of  the  Church  then  ])redes- 
tined  to  eternal  felicity? 

Yes  ;  l)ut  only  on  condition  of  their  being  led  by 
the  Tb)ly  Spirit.     Ileb.  iii.  14. 

What  advantage  is  tlierc  in  our  knowing  that  God 
has  so  predestined  and  elected  us  ? 

"  The  godly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and 
our  Election  in  Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and 
unspeakable  comfort."     Rom.  viii.  31-39. 

Are  all  the  members  of  the  Church  entitled  to  tliis 
comfort  ? 

No  :  only  "  godly  persons,  and  such  as  feel  in 
themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  mor- 
tifying the  works  of  the  flesh  and  their  earthly  mem- 
bers, and  drawing  up  their  minds  to  high  and  heavenly 
things."     Rom.  viii.  14-17,  28. 

Why  are  these  the  only  persons  entitled  to  this 
I  comfort  ? 

Because  they  are  the  only  persons  wdio  have  any 
sufficient  proof  that  they  have  improved  the  grace 
given  to  them. 


^ajjm 


^'f! 


m 


52 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


In  what  manner  does  the  consideration  of  predcs- 
tination  comfort  such  persons  ?  P 

"  It  doth  greatly  establish  and  confirm  their  fiith  ' 
of  eternal  Salvation  to  be  enjoyed  through  Christ," 
and  "  doth  fervently  kindle  their  love  towards  God." 

What  is  meant  by  "  curious  and  carnal  persons  f 

Persons  who  inquire  into  religion  only  to  satisfy 
their  curiosity,  and  at  the  same  time  live  according 
to  their  natural  desires  and  inclinations. 

What  other  mark  have  such  persons  1 

They  "  lack  the  Spirit  of  Christ." 

What  is  to  be  understood  by  this  phrase  ? 

They  have  not  the  Spirit  of  Christ  so  dwelling  in 
them  as  to  be  governed  by  Ilim. 

Wliat  is  the  consequence  when  such  persons  "  have 
continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of  God's 
Predestination  *?"  | 

It  becomes  "  a  most  dangerous  downfall,  whereby 
the  Devil  doth  thrust  them  either  into  desperation, 
or  into  wretchlessness  of  most  unclean  living,  no  less 
perilous  than  desperation." 

What  is  des2ieration  ? 

Giving  up  the  hope  of  salvation. 

What  is  ivrctchlessness  ? 

Kecklessness  or  carelessness. 

How  docs  the  consideration  of  God's  predestination 
produce  this  effect  upon  their  minds  ? 

They  misunderstand  the  nature  of  predestination, 
and  imagine  that  it  signifies  that  God  has  destined 


1  ii 


ARTICLE    XVIII. 


53 


1  of  prcdcs- 

their  faith 
iigh  Christ," 
rarcls  God." 

persons  ?" 

y  to  satisfy 

'c  according 

o 


3C? 

dwelling  in 


rsons  "  have 
3e  of  God's 

11,  whereby 
:lesperation, 
ing,  no  less 


destination 

lestination, 
is  destined 


I 


some  individuals  lo  1)C  saved,  and  others  to  be  lost ; 
and  feeling  themselves  not  to  be  at  peace  with  God, 
they  are  apt  to  think  they  arc  not  of  the  elect,  and  so 
cannot  be  saved. 

Is  it  safe  fur  persons  to  suppose  themselves  spe- 
cially predestined  by  God,  and  then  to  take  the 
promises  of  God  to  themselves  1 

No :  for  "  God's  promises  must  be  received  in 
such  wise,  as  they  are  generally  set  forth  to  us  in 
Holy  Scripture." 

How  is  tiiat  ? 

Tlicy  arc  addressed  to  classes  of  persons  in  general, 
and  not  to  individuals ;  and  therefore  we  must  sec 
whether  we  have  the  marks  of  those  to  whom  they 
were  given. 

Is  it  right  for  persons  to  suppose,  because  they  are 
God's  elect  people,  therefore  they  are  exempted  from 
the  ordinary  rules  of  Christian  duty  ? 

No  :  "  in  our  doings  wc  must  follow  that  will  of 
God,  which  we  have  expressly  declared  to  us  in  the 
Word  of  God." 

Article  XVIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  eighteenth  Article? 

"  Of  ol)taining  eternal  Salvation  only  by  the  Name 
of  Christ." 

What  error  is  condemned  in  this  Article? 

The  opinion  that  "  every  man  shall  be  saved  by 
the  Law  or  Sect  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he  be 


"■4"'*  I 

''in 


\    V:. 


{     \ 


■  l    ' 


I 


54 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


P 


diligent  to  frame  his  life  according  to  that  law,  and 
the  light  of  nature." 

What  statement  docs  the  Article  make  m  oppo- 
sition to  this  ? 

"  Holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us  only  the  . 
Name  of  Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must  be  saved." 

Quote  a  passage  of  Scripture  asserting  this.  Acts 
iv.  12.  I 

IIow  does  this  agree  with  St.  Peter's  words,  that 
"in  every  nation  he  that  feareth  God  and  worketh 
righteousness  is  accepted  with  Him  ?"     Acts  x.  35. 

St.  Peter  docs  not  assert  that  any  of  these  persons* 
can  be  saved,  except  through  the  merits  of  Jesus 
Christ.  I 

How  does  St.  Peter's  assertion  differ  from  the 
error  condemned  in  this  Article? 

The  opinion  condemned  in  the  Article  is  not  that 
persons  may  be  saved  in  the  law  or  sect  they  pro- 
fess, through  the  merits  and  atonement  of  Christ,  so 
that  they  live  faithfully  according  to  the  light  they 
have ;  but  that  they  may  be  sa  >  cd  b?/  that  law  or 
sect,  by  following  it  and  the  law  of  nature. 

AVhy  are  those  who  hold  this  error  "  to  be  had 
accursed  ?" 

1,  Because  they  place  every  law  or  sect  upon  a 
footing  of  equality  with  the  Gospel,  and  thus  in  effect 
affirm  that  the  coming  of  Christ  in  the  flesh  was  un- 
necessary :  2.  They  make  our  individual  2)rofession  to 
be  the  only  test  of  truth,  instead  of  the  Word  of  God. 


Wii 

Artich 

The 

Ho> 


Eig 


I 


AVI] 

"  T] 
Wl 
To 
are  dc 
sees  t< 
whom 
those 
W] 
Churc 
Iti 
pure 
duly 
all  th 
same 
H( 
"( 


at  law,  and 


:e  ui 


oppo- 


I 


IS  only  the  : 
be  saved." 
this.     Acts 

words,  that 
id  worketh 
cts  X.  35. 

ose  persons* 
;s  of  Jesus 

from   the 

is  not  that 
b  they  pro- 
f  Christ,  so 
light  they 
lat  law  or 

■  to  be  had 

ect  iijDon  a 
us  in  effect 
sh  was  un- 
'ofesslon  to 
rd  of  God. 


I 


ARTICLE    XIX. 


55 


PART  IV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  fourth  division  of  the 
Articles'? 

The  Church  and  her  ordinances. 

How  many  Articles  does  it  com-prlse  ? 

Eighteen,  from  the  19th  to  the  3Gth,  inclusive. 

Article  XIX. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  nineteenth  Article  1 

"  The  Church." 

Why  is  the  phrase  "visible  Church"  introduced? 

To  show  that  we  are  not  speaking  of  those  who 
are  departed  to  their  rest,  nor  of  those  whom  God 
sees  to  be  the  only  true  members  of  Ilis  Church,  but 
whom  man  cannot  distinguish  from  the  multitude  of 
those  who  are  only  outwardly  such. 

What  description  is  here  given  of  the  visible 
Church  ? 

It  is  "  a  congregation  of  faithful  men,  in  which  the 
pure  Word  of  God  is  preached,  and  the  Sacraments  be 
duly  ministered  according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in 
all  those  things  that  of  necessity  arc  re<piisite  to  the 
same." 

How  is  this  expressed  in  the  Latin  ? 

"  Cwtm  FideUwji;'  the  Body  of  the  Faithful. 

Do   we  mean  by  "  the  visible  Church"  here  the 


I'M 


Vi 


■  .-M 


"     'i  I'll 


56 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


|m; 


l;  . 


whole  Cliureli  of  (.'hrlst,   or  that  part  of  it  which  is 
visible  in  any  particular  place  ? 

The  definition  will  apply  to  cither  one  or  the  other. 


received 
that  the; 
lie  ordii 


A\  hat  seems  to  be  the  obiect  of  this  description  of  ^^^,    , 

the  Church?                                                                      1  „,,    ^ 

To   correct  those  accounts  of  the  Church  which  ■  r.  i     ^^ 

make  thhi^s  necessary  to  its  subsistence  which  arc  ,,„ 

°                 J  \\  ha 


upper 
That 


!3 


not  really  so, — such  as  communion  with  the  see  of 

Rome,  &c. 

How  does  this  appear  to  be  the  intention  of  the         t  -i  • 

A    .  1   «  '  crated  1 

Article?  ^111 

Because  similar  statements  are  made  in  the  Hom- 
ily for  Whitsunday,  and  the  object  is  stated  to  be  to 
show  that  the  Church  of  Home  has  no  exclusive  claim 
to  obedience. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  term  "  Congregation  ?"' 

A  gathering  together  out  of  the  world  at  large. 

W^hat  is  meant  by  "  faithful  men  ?" 

It  means  the  same  as  Christians. 

Is  this  in  accordance  with  Scriptural  usage  ? 

Yes ;  see  Col.  i.  2,  where  the  whole  Church  of 
Colosse  Jire  addressed  as  "  fliithful." 

What  is  ''  the  pure  Word  of  God?" 

The  doctrine  of  Holy  Scripture  as  received  and 
understood  Ijy  the  Church  from  the  beginning. 
Gal.  i.  8. 

What  things  are  "  of  necessity  requisite"  to  the 
ministration  of  the  Sacraments  ? 

That  tliey   be    ministered   by    those    who   have 


each  CO 
Whc 
Thofe 
pointec 
from  C 
In  A 
erred  ? 
I       In  i 
ted  A 
muni( 
his  he 
W 
He 
to  the 
In 
'     erred 

I        In 

tenai 


ARTICLE    XIX. 


57 


which  is 

the  other, 
^ription  of 


'ch   which ' 
[which  arc  ' 
the  see  of 

.5 

ion  of  the 

the  Honi- 
ed to  be  to 
isive  claim 

;regation  ?*' 
t  large. 


Cliurch  of 

eivcd  and 
beginning. 

te"  to  the  ; 

r 

y 

vho   have  I 


received  authority  from  Christ  to  minister  tlicm,  and 
that  thev  be  ministered  according  to  the  form  which 
He  ordained. 

What  is  "  requisite"  to  th(5  form  of  baptism  ? 

That  it  be  administered  with  water,  in  the  Name 
of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

What  is  "requisite"  to  the  for7n  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  1 

That  the  elements  of  bread  and  wine  be  conse- 
crated in  the  appointed  manner,  to  become  spiritually 
the  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord,  and  be  delivered  to 
each  communicant  as  such  body  and  blood. 

Who  are  the  proper  ministers  of  the  Sacraments'? 

Those  persons  in  each  Church  who  ha^c  been  ap- 
pointed to  administer  them  by  authority  derived 
from  Christ  through  Ilis  Apostles. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Jerusalem 
erred  r' 

hi  the  person  of  Maximus,  its  bishop,  who  admit- 
ted Arius  to  communion,  after  he  had  been  excom- 
municated by  the  council  of  Nice,  without  renouncing 
his  heresy. 

What  was  his  heresy  1 

He  taught  that  God  the  Son  is  not  equal  in  nature 
to  the  Father. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Alexandria 
erred  ]" 

In  the  person  of  Dioscorus,  its  bishop,  who  coun- 
tenanced the  heresy  of  Eutyches. 


■k 


}'i 


58 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


B' 


What  was  that  heresy  ? 

That  in  Jesus  Christ  the  human  nature  is  swal- 
lowed  up  in  the  divine  nature. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Antioch 
erred  ?" 

In  tiio  person  of  Paul  of  Samosata,  its  bishop,  who 
taught  that  Jesus  Christ  was  a  mere  man. 

In  what  respect  has  "  the  Church  of  Rome  erred" 
in  "faith  f 

Not  to  mention  any  points  in  which  she  differs 
from  the  Church  of  England  or  the  Church  in  the 
United  States,  her  bishop  Eleutherius  countenanced 
Montanus,  Liberius  countenanced  Arius,  Zosimus  fa- 
voured Pelagius,  and  Honorius  was  condemned  by 
the  sixth  general  council  as  a  Monothelite. 

What  was  the  heresy  of  Montanus  ? 

lie  professed  that  God  had  intrusted  to  him  and 
to  his  associates  a  new  dispensation  of  the  Holy 
Spirit. 

What  was  the  heresy  of  Pelagius '? 

Sec  the  ninth  Article. 

What  is  a  Monothelite  ? 

One  who  teaches  that  Jesus  Christ  had  no  distinct 
will  as  man,  His  human  will  being  swallowed  up  in 
the  divine. 

Article  XX. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twentieth  Article  1 
"  The  Authority  of  the  Church." 


I 


I 


Whii 
The 
In  w' 
In  ri 

faith. 
Wha 
It  ha 
Shov 

tare. 
1  Co 

of  Cori 

done  d( 

decree 
Wh{ 
The 

to  Goc 
Wh 

of  fait 
To 

decide 

tion.' 
On 

thorit; 
On 

Writ. 
Wl 

Holy 
Th; 

Writ 


ARTICLE    XX. 


59 


c  is  swal- 
^f  Antioch 

ishop,  who 

)mc  erred" 

she  differs 
urch  in  the 
iintciianced 
Zosimiis  fa- 
:lcmned  by 

• 

to  him  and 
the  Holy 


I 


What  Church  is  here  spoken  of? 

The  whole  visible  Church  and  every  branch  of  it. 

In  what  two  matters  has  the  Church  authority  ? 

In  rites  and  ceremonies,  and  m  controversies  of 
faith. 

What  is  its  authority  in  the  first  case? 

It  has  power  to  decree  them. 

Show  that  this  power  is  recognised  in  Holy  Scrip- 
ture. 

1  Cor.  xiv.  40.  St.  Paul  recognised  in  the  Church 
of  Corinth  the  power  to  provide  that  "  all  things  be 
done  decently  and  in  order  ;"  which  implies  power  to 
decree  ntes  and  ceremonies. 

What  limit  is  there  to  this  power  ? 

The  Church  "  must  not  ordain  any  thing  contrary 
to  God's  Word." 

What  is  the  power  of  the  Church  in  controversies 
of  faith  ? 

To  decide  them,  and  "  to  enforce"  the  doctrines  she 
decides  upon  "  to  be  believed  for  necessity  of  Salva- 


17 


no  distinct 
)wed  up  in 


I 


tide  1 


tion. 

On  what  other  functions  of  the  Church  is  this  au- 
thority founded  1 

On  her  being  "the  witness  and  keeper  of  Holy 
Writ." 

What  do  you  mean  by  her  being  "  a  witness  of 
Holy  Writ?" 

That  she  testifies  what  is  to  be  received  as  Holy 
Writ  and  what  not. 


<  'I 


Ui 


GO 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


I 


m 


How  docs  this  alTcct  the  decision  of  controversies 
of  faith  1 

As  those  controversies  are  chiefly  decided  by  ap- 
peals to  Holy  Writ,  the  Church  has  authority  by  this 
means  to  detcrinino  the  standard  of  appeal. 

How  is  the  Church  "a  keeper  of  Holy  Writ?" 

Inasmuch  as  she  watches  over  the  copies  of  it,  to 
preserve  thcin  from  corruption,  and  possesses  author- 
ity to  dispense  the  doctrine  it  contains  to  the  people. 

How  does  this  affect  her  authority  in  controversies 
of  faith  ? 

She  decides  them  by  declaring  the  correct  reading 
and  true  meanini^  of  Holy  Writ. 

What  cautions  is  she  bound  to  observe  in  so  doing  1 

Not  to  ordain  or  decree  any  thing  to  be  believed 
which  is  contrary* to  Scripture,  not  to  expound  one 
place  of  Scripture  so  as  to  make  it  repugnant  to  an- 
other, and  not  to  enforce  any  thing  to  be  believed  for 
necessity  of  salvation,  in  addition  to  that  which  may 
be  gathered  from  the  Word  of  God. 

How  does  the  Church  enforce  her  authority  ? 

By  excluding  from  office  or  privilege  those  who 
refuse  to  comply  with  her  rites  and  ceremonies,  or 
who  deny  her  doctrines. 

How  are  we  to  be  informed  of  the  decisions  or 
decrees  of  the  Church  ? 

By  universal  custom,  by  universal  agreement  in 
doctrine,  or  by  a  formal  decree  of  some  general 
council,  generally  received  in  the  Church. 


I 


I 


■-t 

I 
I 


How 

things  1 

Part 

timony 

bishops 

Buti 

ordains 

Scriptu 

anothei 

to  be  I 

He 

may  p 

whethc 

whethc 

allegia 

[W 

Wl 

Coil 
parts 
ative 

Ha 
ofthi 

♦  Tl 
Churcl 
nature 
Article 

It  is 
some  i 


Irovcrsics 

|d  by  ap- 

by  this 

h'it  ?" 

ot  it,  to 
's  author- 

l)coplc. 
;roversics 


;t  reading 


so  doing  ? 
^  believed 
)ound  one 
ant  to  an- 
lieved  for 
hi  eh  may 

ty? 
liosc  who 


lonies,  or 


visions  or 

anient  in 
)  general 


ARTICLE    XXI. 


61 


I 


i 


How  must  the  private  Christian  ascortain  these 
things'? 

Partly  by  his  own  observation,  partly  by  the  tes- 
timony of  others,  and  in  the  first  place  that  of  the 
bishops  and  clergy  of  his  own  Church. 

But  if  it  should  appear  to  hira  that  his  own  Church 
ordains  things  repugnant  to  Holy  Writ,  or  expounds 
Scripture  so  as  to  make  one  passage  contradict 
another,  or  requires  things  not  revealed  in  Scripture 
to  be  believed  as  Articles  of  faith,  how  must  he  act  ? 

He  must  obtain  better  instruction,  so  far  as  God 
may  place  it  in  his  power,  to  enable  him  to  judge 
whether  he  is  mistaken  or  not ;  and,  if  not  mistaken, 
whether  any  other  Church  has  better  claims  on  his 
allegiance. 

Article  XXI. 

[What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-first  Article  1* 
"  The  Authority  of  General  Councils." 
What  do  you  understand  by  general  councils  1 
Councils  composed  of  bishops  assembled  from  all 
parts  of  the  Church,  and  intended  to  act  as  represent- 
ative bodies  for  the  whole.     , 

Have  all  general  councils  (so  called)  been  strictly 
of  this  character  ?  , 

*  The  twenty-first  Article  "is  omitted"  from  the  Articles  of  the 
Church  in  the  United  States,  ^^ because  it  is  partly  of  a  local  and  civil 
nature,  and  is  provided  for,  as  to  the  remuining  part  of  it,  in  other 
Articles." — JJ'ote  to  the  Titld,  in  the  Articles  of  the  P.  E.  Church. 

It  is  thought  best  to  retain  the  explanation,  an  it  treats  of  matters  of 
aome  importance. 

6 


62 


CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


No :  some  have  been  composed  of  bishops  repre- 
senthig  only  portions  of  the  Church.  But  the  Article 
means  all  which  were  at  that  time  commonly  con- 
sidcred  general. 

How  is  the  subject  of  general  councils  connected 
with  the  previous  Article  ? 

Because,  until  the  Church  was  separated  into  East 
and  West,  she  exercised  her  power  in  ordaining  rites 
and  ceremonies  and  her  authority  in  controversies  of 
faith,  by  means  of  general  councils. 

What  difficulty  is  there  in  procuring  the  assemblmg 
of  general  councils'? 

They  "  may  not  be  gathered  together  without  the 
commandment  and  will  of  princes."  *  , 

Why  not  ? 

Because  the  bishops  are  the  subjects  of  princes,  and 
may  not  place  themselves  under  the  influence  and 
power  of  foreign  princes  and  foreign  churches,  with- 
out the  consent  of  their  ow^n  prince. 

Have  general  councils  been  usually  summoned  by 
the  commandment  and  will  of  princes  ? 

All  councils  having  any  title  to  be  considered  rep- 
resentative bodies  for  the  universal  Church  have  been 
so  assembled. 

What  difficulty  is  there  as  to  the  authority  of  gen- 
eral councils  in  deciding  controversies  of  faith  ? 

That  "  they  may  err  and  sometimes  have  erred  in 
things  pertaining  to  God." 

What  reason  is  assigned  for  this  in  the  Article  ? 


I 


I 


i 


)s  repre- 

Articlo 

ily  con- 

nnected 

nto  East 
ling  rites 
ersies  of 

sembling 

thout  the 


inces,  and 
ence  and 
hes,  with- 

loned  by 

ered  rep- 
lave  been 

y  of  gen- 

J  erred  in 

rticle? 


ARTICLE    XXI. 


63 


That  "  they  be  an  assembly  of  men,  whereof  all 
be  not  governed  by  the  Spirit  and  Word  of  God." 

Give  some  examples  of  general  councils,  as  they 
were  considered,  which  have  erred  in  things  pertain- 
ing to  God. 

The  second  council  of  Ephesus  approved  the  heresy 
of  Eutyches ;  the  second  council  of  Nica^a  authoi'ized 
the  worship  of  images  ;  the  council  of  Constance  for- 
bade priests  to  administer  the  Holy  Communion  to 
the  laity  in  both  kinds. 

What  conclusion  does  the  Article  draw  from  the 
fact  of  those  errors  of  general  councils  1 

That  "  things  ordained  by  them  as  necessary  to  sal- 
vation have  neither  strength  nor  authority,  unless  it 
may  be  declared  that  they  are  taken  out  of  Holy 
Scripture." 

What  things  does  the  Article  declare  have  neither 
strength  nor  authority,  when  ordained  by  general 
councils,  unless  taken  out  of  Holy  Scripture? 

Things  ordained  by  them  as  necessary  to  salvation. 

Upon  what  principle  does  that  decision  rest  1 

Upon  that  asserted  in  the  sixth  Article,  that  "  Holy 
Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to  salva- 
tion." 

In  what  sense  are  we  to  understand  the  words 
"  unless  it  may  be  declared  that  they  are  taken  out 
of  Holy  Scripture  ?"  ..     \  ' 

Unless  it  is  "read  therein,  or  may  be  proved 
thereby."    See  Ai'ticle  VI. 


\' 


,imi 


Ill 

ii 


G4 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


What  then  is  the  use  of  tho  decisions  of  general 
councils  ill  controversies  of  faith? 

They  assist  us  in  understanding  tho  judgment  of 
the  Church. 

Does  the  decision  in  this  Article  interfere  with  the 
authority  of  general  councils  in  matters  not  of  faith  ? 

No :  but  it  is  restricted  by  Article  XXXIV. 

Does  the  Church  of  England  reject  the  decision  of 
all  general  councils  in  matters  of  fliith  ? 

No :  she  recognises  the  first  six  general  councils  as 
"  received  and  allowed  of  all  men."  See  Homily  on 
Idolatry.] 

Article  XXII. 

What  is  the  title  of  the  twenty-second  Article  ? 

"  Of  Purgatory." 

Is  this  the  whole  subject  of  the  Article  ? 

No :  it  treats  of  "  the  Romish  Doctrine"  on  this 
and  other  subjects. 

What  is  meant  by  "  Romish  Doctrine  ?" 

The  doctrine  commonly  taught  in  the  Church  of 
Rome. 

On  what  particular  subjects  does  the  Article  as- 
sert their  doctrine  to  be  wrong  ? 

"  Purgatory,  Pardons,  Worshipping  and  Adora- 
tion, as  well  of  Images  as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invoca- 
tion of  Saints." 

What  does  the  Article  say  concerning  their  doc- 
trine on  these  subjects  ? 


I 


ARTICLE    XXII. 


C5 


general 

;inent  of 

with  the 
of  faith  ? 
[V. 
;clsion  of 

uncils  as 
omily  on 


tide  ? 


>"  on  this 


I 


l^hurch  of    ' ) 


I 


I 


rticle  as- 
l   Adora- 

I 

o  Invoca- 

I 

heir  doc-    :• 


That  "it  is  a  fond  thing,  vainly  invented,  and 
grounded  upon  no  warranty  of  Scripture,  but  rather 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God." 

What  is  meant  by  "  a  fond  thing  1" 

A  foolish  thing. 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  "  it  is  grounded 
upon  no  warranty  of  Holy  KScripturc  ?" 

That  there  is  no  part  of  Seripture  which  really  sup- 
ports it.  .* 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  purga- 
tory? 

Tliat  it  is  a  place  distinct  from  heaven  and  hell, 
where  the  spirits  of  persons  go  who  are  not  hopelessly 
lost,  but  have  not  been  fully  purged  from  their  sins 
here,  and  where  their  sins  are  purged  away  by  suf- 
ferings. 

Show  that  this  opinion  is  "  repugnant  to  the  Word 
of  God." 

Rev.  xiv.  13.  "  Those  who  die  in  the  Lord  rest 
from  their  labours."  And  in  the  parable  of  the  rich 
man  and  Lazarus,  there  arc  only  two  places  for  the 
dead,  one  of  happiness,  the  other  of  hopeless  tor- 
ment. Moreover,  "  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleans- 
eth  us  from  all  sin."     1  John  i.  7. 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  pardons  ? 

That  the  Pope  has  the  power  of  remitting  a  por- 
tion of  the  pains  of  purgatory,  and  that  such  re- 
mission may  be  purchased  with  money. 

Prove  that  this  is  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God. 


Ki 


:  in 


''■if  «i|4 
.  .'1  W^ ' 

i 


66 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


m 


,1; 
I'V, '; 


In  the  parable  of  tlio  rich  man  and  Lazarus,  none 
can  pass  from  the  place  in  which  men  are  tormented 
to  paradise.  Moreover,  remission  of  sins  is  "  the 
gift  of  God,"  which  "cannot  be  purchased  with 
money."     Acts  viii.  20. 

What  is  the  llomish  doctrine  concerning  the  wor- 
shipping and  adoration  of  images  ? 

That  we  ought  to  pay  the  same  honours  to  the 
image  of  Christ  or  of  any  of  his  saints  as  to  the  origi- 
nal, and  that  we  may  pray  towards  the  image. 

Prove  this  contrary  to  Scripture. 

The  first  is  directly  contrary  to  the  second  com- 
mandment, and  tiie  second  is  contrary  to  the  spirit 
of  it. 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  the  wor- 
shipping and  adoration  of  relics  ? 

That  they  are  to  be  venerated,  and  that  prayer 
may  be  made  towards  them. 

How  is  this  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God  1 

God  hid  the  body  of  Moses  to  prevent  the  Israel- 
ites from  paying  homage  to  it. 

What  is  the  Romish  doctrine  concerning  the  invo- 
cation of  saints  ? 

That  prayer  may  be  addressed  to  those  saints  who 
are  supposed  to  have  gone  to  heaven  immediately 
after  death. 

Prove  it  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God. 

It  prevents  multitudes  from  having  habitual  re- 
course to  the  intercession  of  Jesus  Christ,  which  we 


ARTICLE    XXIII. 


67 


arus,  none 
tormented 
IS  is  "  the 
ased   with 


g  the  wor- 


irs  to  the 
3  the  origi- 
agc. 


?ond  com- 
the  spirit 

g  the  wor- 

at  prayer 

.d? 

the  Israel- 

the  invo- 

aints  who 
ncdiately 


I 


bitual  re- 
whieh  we 


are  taught  in  Scripture  was  one  great  end  of  His 
incarnation.     Sec  Ileb.  iv.  15,  10. 

In  what  other  respect  is  it  contrary  to  the  Word 
of  God  1 

It  supposes  that  the  saints  departed  know  the 
hearts  of  men,  which  is  the  attribute  of  God  only. 
1  Kings  viii.  39. 

Article  XXIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-third  Article  1 

"  Ministering  in  the  Congregation." 

What  do  you  understand  by  ininistcrmg  ? 

"  Public  preaching,  or  ministering  the  Sacraments." 

What  do  you  understand  by  tlie  ronrircgatlon  ? 

N^ot  any  particular  assembly,  but  the  Cliurch  of 
Christ  generally. 

What  do  you  understand  by  "ministering  the 
Sacraments  ?" 

Giving  or  dispensing  them  to  the  people. 

What  is  required  before  it  is  lawful  for  a  person 
to  '•  take  upon  him  the  office  of  public  preaching,  or 
itiinistering  the  Sacraments?" 

Tie  must  "be  lawful! v  called  and  sent  to  execute" 
:hat  office. 

Why  is  that  necessary  ? 

Because  in  so  doing  he  is  acting  as  the  steward  or 
ambassador  of  Christ;  and  it  cannot  be  right  to 
undertake  to  a?b  as  such  without  a  lawful  commis- 
sion. 


III 

■44 


.'J 


^  :Hi 


i<  ■■■-]■ 


68 


CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


How  do  you  prove  that  this  is  the  character  he 
assumes?  ^    , 

Titus  i.  7 ;  2  Cor.  v.  20. 

Give  a  further  reason. 

Because  St.  Paul  has  laid  down  rules  for  choosing 
those  who  were  to  minister  in  the  congregation,  which 
would  have  been  superfluous  if  men  might  take  the 
office  upon  them  without  lawful  authority.  See  1 
Tim.  iii.  2-4 ;  iv.  14 ;  Tit.  i.  5-9. 

What  persons  "  ought  we  to  judge  lawfully  called 
and  sent"  to  execute  the  office  of  ministers  1 

"  Tliose  who  are  chosen  and  called  to  this  work  by 
men  who  have  public  authority  given  unto  them  in 
the  congregation,  to  call  and  send  ministers  into  the 
Lord's  vineyard." 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  Lord's  vineyard  1" 

"  The  Congregation,"  that  is,  the  Church  at  large. 

Who  are  the  "men  who  have  public  authority 
given  unto  them  in  the  Congregation  to  send  Ministers 
into  the  Lord's  vineyard  1" 

The  bishops  of  the  Church. 

How  do  we  know  that  this  is  the  meaning  of  the 
Article  1 

Because  the  service  for  the  Ordination  of  ministers 
declares  that  no  man  shall  bo  accounted,  for  a  lawful 
minister,  unless  he  be  called  and  admitted  thereto 
according  to  that  service,  or  has  been  already  or- 
dained by  a  bishop.  ^ 

How  does  tliat  prove  that  the  bishops  are  the 


rcceivcc 


could 
ing  o 
him. 

In  \ 
to  cxc 

He 
for  tli< 
the  pc 
with 
admii 


ARTICLE    XXIIT. 


69 


'acter  he  I  'Jnen   who    have    public    authority   given    them   to 


)rclain  ? 


the 


service 


choosing 
on,  which 
take  the 
See  1 

lly  called 


work  by 
them  ill 
into  the 

J" 

it  large. 

authority 

Ministers 


ig  of  the 

ministers 

a  lawful 

I  thereto 

eady  or- 

are  the 


I 


Because 
dained  except  by  a  bishop. 

Why  is  the  office  confined  to  the  bishops  1 

Because  they  are  the  only  ministers  who  have  ever 
received  authority  to  ordain ;  and  a  person  can  never 
possess  authority  to  ordain  others  to  be  stewards  and 
ambassadors  of  Christ,  unless  he  has  received  it  from 
Christ  and  I  lis  Apostles. 

How  do  we  know  that  the  bishops  have  received 
this  authority  ? 

Because  in  the  Church  of  England  and  in  many 
other  Churches,  we  can  tell  from  the  records,  who 
ordained  almost  every  bishop  one  after  another,  up 
to  the  very  Apostles  themselves. 

And  how  is  it,  where  you  cannot  trace  them  up  in 
this  way  1 

It  has  always  been  the  known  rule  that  no  bishop 
could  be  made,  except  in  public,  nor  without  be- 
ing ordained  by  those  who  were  bishops  before 
him.  .  -         , 

In  what  manner  does  a  bishop  call  and  send  men 
to  execute  the  office  of  ministers  ? 

He  lays  his  hand  on  their  heads  and  prays  to  God 
for  them,  and  then  in  the  Name  of  God  gives  them 
the  power  of  "forgiving  and  retaining  sins"  together 
with  authority  to  preach  God's  holy  Word  and  to 
administer  the  Sacraments. 


t-  '^[j 


■:Ay 


70 


CATECHISM    ON    TIfE    ARTICLES. 


Have  all  ministers  equal  authority  to  administer 
the  Sacraments  ? 

No:  there  arc  two  orders,  priests  and  deacons, 
under  ))ishops;  and  the  deacon  can  only  administer 
Baptism  in  the  absence  of  the  priest,  and  assist  the 
priest  in  administering  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's 
Body  and  Blood,  but  not  solemnize  it  himself. 

Article  XXIV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-fourth  Article  ] 

"  Speaking  in  the  Congregation." 

What  kind  of  speaking  is  meant  ] 

"  Public  prayer  or  ministerhig  the  Sacraments." 

What  does  the  Article  say  upon  this  subject  1 

That  it  is  requisite  to  speak  "  in  such  a  tongue  as 
the  people  undcrstandeth." 

For  what  reason? 

Because  "  it  is  plainly  repugnant  to  the  Word  <  )t' 
God  and  the  custom  of  the  Primitive  Church"  to  do 
otherwise. 

Prove  that  it  is  repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God. 

1  Cor.  xiv.  i),  IG,  19.  St.  Paul  condemns  the 
practice  of  praying  in  a  language  unknown  to  the 
congregation. 

Show  that  it  is  repugnant  to  the  practice  of  the 
Primitive  Church. 

Even  those  who  do  the  contrary  acknowledge  this 
to  be  the  fact. 


wrt 

mont 
Bee 

of  the 

in  Lat 
ITo 
Bee 

langu( 


wt 

this  A 
"Ss 

comm 
Wh 

of  Chi 
The 

men's 

ual  si| 

wi 

"B 

W] 
tism  i 

1. 
profci 

2. 
ofGc 


H 


ARTICLE    XXV. 


71 


-H 


3  admmi^ster 

ind  deacons, 
y  adniiiiistcf 
id  assist  the 
the  Lord's 
nself. 


rth  Article  ] 


I'aments." 

ibject  1 

a  tongue  as 


e  Word  oi" 
Lirch"  to  do 

[  of  God. 
idcmns  the 
jwn  to  the 

iticc  of  the 


^vledge  this 


What  necessity  was  there  for  making  any  state- 
ment on  this  subject  ? 

Because  before  the  Reformation  it  was  the  custom 
of  the  Church  in  England  to  celebrate  divine  service 
in  Latin. 

How  came  that  to  be  the  case? 

Because  at  one  time  Latin  was  the  only  written 
language  in  the  west  of  Europe. 

Article  XXV. 

What  is  the  sub;3ct  of  the  twenty-fifth  Article? 

"  The  Sacraments." 

What  two  kinds  of  Sacraments  are  treated  of  in 
this  Article  ? 

"  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ,"  and  "  those  five, 
commonly  called  Sacraments." 

What  is  the  nature  of  the  "  Sacraments  ordained 
of  Christ  in  the  Gospel  ?" 

They  are  "not  only  badges  or  tokens  of  Christian 
men's  profession,  but  rather  sure  witnesses  and  effect- 
v.(d  sijrns  of  grace  and  God's  good  will  towards  us." 

What  Sacraments  answer  to  this  description  ? 

"  Baptism,  and  the  Supper  of  the  Lord." 

What  then  does  the  Article  assert  respecting  Bap- 
tis^m  and  the  Lord's  Supper  ? 

L  That  they  are  badges  or  tokens  of  our  Christian 
profession ; 

2.  That  they  are  sure  witnesses  and  effectual  signs 
of  God's  grace  and  good  will  towards  us. 


f 


' 


72 


CATECIIISW    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


H 


Itl    1 


\w 


,) 


In  what  manner  arc  these  signs  of  God's  good  will 
effectual  1 

"  He  works  invisibly  by  them  in  us,  and  not  only 
quickens  our  iiiith  in  llim,  but  also  strengthens  and 
confirms  it." 

What  is  meant  by  quickening  our  faith  ? 

Bringing  it  to  life ;  or,  infusing  new  life.  See 
1  Pet.  iii.  18  ;  Eph.  ii.  1,  5. 

Which  arc  the  ^'  five  commonly  called  Sacra- 
ments ^" 

"  Confirmation,  Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and 
Extreme  Unction." 

Are  these  five  now  commonly  called  Sacraments  ] 

Not  in  the  Church  in  England  or  the  United 
States. 

When  were  they  commonly  so  called  ? 

At  the  time  when  the  Articles  were  first  drawn 
up,  that  is,  at  the  Reformation ;  and  before  that 
period. 

hi  what  respect  do  "  those  five"  differ  from  "  the 
Sacraments  of  the  Gospel  ?" 

Some  of  them  "  have  grown  of  the  corrupt  follow- 
ing of  the  Apostles,"  and  others  "  arc  states  of  life 
allowed  in  the  Scriptures,  but  yet  have  not  any 
visible  sign  or  ceremony  ordained  of  God." 

Which  of  them  "  have  grown  of  the  corrupt  fol- 
lowing of  the  Apostles  f 
I  Confirmation,  Penance,  Extreme  Unction. 

In  what  sense  can  Confirmation  be  said  to  have 


ARTICLE    XXV. 


73 


(i's  good  will 

md  not  only 
sngthons  and 

h? 

N  life.     See 

allod   Sacra- 

rimony,  and 

Sacraments  ] 
the   United 


first  drawn 
before  that 

from  "  the 

I'upt  follow- 
;ates  of  h'fe 
^e  not  any 

corrupt  fol- 

n. 

id  to  have 


grown  out  of  the  corrupt  following  of  the  Apos- 
tles? 

In  the  manner  in  which  it  was  administered  in  the 
Church  of  England  before  the  Reformation. 

What  was  there  corrupt  about  it  ? 

The  original  sign  or  ceremony  of  laying  on  of 
hands  was  discontinued,  and  anointing  with  ointment 
used  in  the  place  of  it. 

In  what  sense  did  Penance  "  grow  out  of  a'corrupt 
following  of  the  Apostles  ?" 

Because  it  was  used  in  a  manner  they  never  in- 
tended. 

What  was  the  nature  of  the  Penance  they  or- 
dained ? 

Exclusion  from,  the  communion  of  the  Church,  on 
account  of  very  great  sins,  until  restored  by  compe- 
tent authority,  after  having  given  sufficient  evidence 
of  repentance. 

Wliat  corruption  had  been  made  in  it  ? 

Confession  of  sins  to  a  priest  and  submission  to 
such  penalties  as  he  imposed  were  made  essential  to 
commimion,  even  when  persons  had  not  fallen  into 
any  great  sin. 

How  has  the  Church  of  England  acted  in  regard  to 
confirmation  and  penance  1 

She  has  restored  them  more  nearly  to  the  custom 
of  the  Primitive  Church. 

Does  it  therefore  follow  that  they  are  raised  to 
the  rank  of  Sacraments  1 


m 


^1 

1 


I  'vll 


111 


;A|I 


I 


II 


74 


CATECEIISM    OX    THE    ARTICLES. 


fli 


No :  they  are  excluded  by  the  definition  contained 
in  the  Catechisni,  because  tliey  ai'e  not  "  generally 
necessary  to  salvation." 

In  wliat  respect  did  Extreme  Unction  "grow  out 
of  a  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles  V 

It  was  applied  to  a  totally  diderent  2:)urpose  from 
tlic  anointing  appointed  by  the  Apostles. 

How  so  ? 

The  miointing  practised  under  the  sanction  of  the 
ApostU^s  was  for  the  restoration  of  sick  persons  to 
health,  and  for  the  forgiveness  of  their  sins  ;  but 
Extreme  Unction  is  for  ])ersons  at  the  point  of  death, 
and  only  for  their  spiritual  benefit.  See  St.  James 
V.  14,  15. 

What  is  meant  l)y  "  orders  ?" 

Tlie  condition  or  state  of  a  minister  of  the  Church, 
whether  bishop,  priest,  or  deacon. 

What  is  meant  by  calling  it  and  matrimony 
*'  states  of  life  allowed  in  the  Scriptures  ?" 

That  the  Scriptures  authorize  persons  to  marry 
and  to  be  admitted  to  Holy  Orders. 

In  what  respect  are  orders  and  matrimony  Inferior 
to  Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  ? 

Tliey  "  have  not  any  visible  sign  or  ceremony  or- 
dained of  God." 

For  what  uses  were  "  the  Sacraments"  7ioi  or- 
dained ?* 

•  "  The  Sncramcnts"  here  means  the  elements  of  the  Eucharist  only. 
See  Brittou's  Sacramental  Articles^  pp.  94-101. 


Wl 

Bee 

"takii 

to  be 

charis 

obser^ 

In^ 

some 

"Ii 

Wl 

unwoi 

a  rp 

they 
rcpen 


W] 

w 

Th 

minis 
He 

ters  1 
Be 

ming 

evil 

Wor 


AUTICLE    XXVI 


75 


>n  contained 
"  gc'ii orally 


u 


grow  out 
r])0.sc  from 


ctloii  of  the 
persons  to 
■  sins  ;  but 
lit  of  death, 
3  St.  James 


tho  Church, 
matrimony 
to  marry 
>ny  Inferior 
t'cmony  or- 
s"   not  or- 

i^ucliarist  only. 


\ 


"  1  o  1)0  gazed  upon  and  can'iod  about." 

AVhy  is  this  montiunod  ? 

Booausc  at  the  time  of  the  IJoformation,  instead  of 
"taking  and  eating,"  many  persons  thought  it  enough 
to  be  spectators  jit  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Eu- 
charist in  church,  or  on  the  processions  that  were 
observed  in  honour  of  it. 

In  what  persons  have  "  the  Sacraments"  "  a  whole- 
some effect  or  operation  ?" 

"  In  such  as  worthily  receive  them." 

What  is  their  eflect  upon  those  who  "  receive  them 
unworthily  f 

"  They  purchase  to  themselves  damnation,"  i.  o., 
they  remain  under  God's  condemnation  until  they 
repent. 

Article  XXVI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-sixth  Article  ? 

"  The  Unworthiness  of  Mmisters." 

What  is  meant  by  their  unworthiness  ? 

Their  not  living  in  such  a  way  as  God  expects  His 
ministers  to  live  in. 

How  does  it  come  that  there  arc  unworthy  minis- 
ters 1 

Because  "  in  the  visible  Cliurch  the  evil  are  always 
mingled  with  the  good,  and  therefore  sometimes  the 
evil  have  chief  authority  in  the  Ministration  of  the 
Word  and  Sacraments." 


'•'t  U 


I -I 


...'If  I 


ffl 


f 


r 


L!i 


t| 


76 


CATECHISM    ON   THE   ARTICLES. 


Ought  wc  not  to  refuse  the  mluistiy  of  unworthy 
ministers  ? 

No :  "  we  may  use  their  ministry,  both  in  hcar- 
mg  the  Word  of  God  and  in  receiving  the  Sacra- 
ments." 

On  what  ground  arc  we  justified  in  so  doing  ? 

Because  they  do  these  things  "not  in  tlieir  own 
name,  hut  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister  by  His  com- 
mission and  authority." 

Give  an  mstancc  of  Christ  Himself  appointing  one 
to  the  ministry,  knowing  that  he  would  prove  un- 
worthy. \ 

Judas  the  traitor. 

But  shall  we  derive  any  benefit  from  the  ministry 
of  wicked  men  ? 

Yes  ;  if  we  ourselves  be  desirous  of  God's  grace  : 
for  "  the  effect  of  Christ's  ordinances  is  not  taken 
away  by  their  wickedness ;"  nor  is  "  the  grace  of 
God's  gifts  diminished,"  if  we  "receive  the  Sacra- 
ments rightly  and  with  faith." 

How  is  this  explained  1 

Because  the  Sacraments  are  "  effectual,  because  of 
Christ's  institution  and  promise." 

But  ought  unworthy  ministers  to  remain  in  the 
exercise  of  the  work  of  their  ministry  ? 

By  no  means ;  it  belongs  to  the  discipline  of  the 
Church  that  inquiry  should  be  made  concerning  evil 
ministers,  and  that  they  should  be  accused  by  those 
that  have  knowledjje  of  their  offences. 


AKTfCLE    XXVir. 


77 


unworthy 

Ii  in  Iicar- 
the  Sacra- 

olng  ? 
their  own 
His  com- 


*      1  * 


)nitnig  one 
prove  im- 


e  ministry 

•d's  grace : 

not  taken 

grace  of 

the  Sacra- 


ecause  of 

in  in  the 

ne  of  the 

ming  evil 

by  those 


What  order  does  the  Church  of  Enghind  take  for 
such  in({uiry  ? 

It  is  the  oftice  and  practice  of  the  bishops  to  make 
such  ln(iuiry  at  their  visitations. 

In  what  manner  can  they  be  informed  of  their 
oflenccs  ? 

The  churchwardens  are  bound  to  make  report  on 
such  subjects  at  the  bishop's  visitation.* 

And  if  the  ministers  be  found  to  be  evil  men,  what 
ought  to  be  the  conserjuence  ? 

*'  Being  found  guilty,"  the  discipline  of  the  Church 
rc(|uires  that  tliey  should  "  1)e  deposed." 

What  are  we  to  understand  by  being  deposed? 

Iliat  they  should  be  degraded  from  the  ofTice  of 
the  ministry,  either  for  a  time  or  altogether. 

By  whom  raay  this  be  done  ? 

By  the  {uithority  of  the  bishop  in  accordance  with 
the  laws  of  the  Church. 

Article  XXVII. 

W^hat  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-seventh  Article  ? 
"Baptism." 

W^hat  is  the  first  thing  asserted  in  the  Article  con- 
cerning Baptism  ? 

That  it  is  "a  sign  of  profession,  and  mark  of  dif- 


*  The  Church  in  i\\o  United  States  provides  iu  her  canons  respecting 
the  "olFeiices  for  wliicli  the  ininijters  shall  be  tried  and  punished," 
and  the  wav  iu  which  this  shall  be  done, 

7* 


4 


f  - 


* 


Ml 


f 


.:'4 

'  i  '  tl 


I    ■* 

'•J  V, 

I  \ 


I  y' 


78 


CATKCllISM    OX    THE    ARTICLES. 


fcrcncc,  Avhcrcby  Christian  men  arc  discerned  from 
others  that  be  not  christened." 

What  is  meant  by  being  christened? 

Beinij  made  Christians, 

Why  is  Baptism  the  mark  of  difierenco  between 
Christians  and  tliosc  who  are  not  so  ? 

1.  Baptism  is  the  outward  sign  by  which  wo  pro- 
fess ourselves  Christians ;  and, 

2.  A  man  cannot  be  a  Christian  except  througli  the 
favour  of  God  ;  which  is  signified  by  Baptism. 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  it  is  "  nut  only  a 
sign  of  profession,"  &c.  ? 

That  it  is  something  more. 

W^hy  was  it  necessary  to  state  this  ? 

Because  there  were  some  who  denied  that  it  was 
any  thing  more. 

What  then  is  it  in  addition  ? 

It  is  "  an  eflectual  sign  of  Kegeneration  or  New- 
Birth." 

Why  do  wc  all  need  regeneration  ? 

Because  wc  arc  all  born  in  sin,  and  arc  conse- 
quently under  God's  displeasure.     See  Article  IX. 

In  what  way  is  Baptism  a  sign  of  regeneration  ? 

"  They  that  receive  Baptism  rightly  are  by  it,  as 
by  an  instrument,  grafted  into  the  Church ;"  and 
"  the  promises  of  forgiveness  of  sin,  and  of  our  adop- 
tion to  be  sons  of  God  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly 
signed  and  sealed." 

Why  are  wo  to  conclude  that  these  benefits  are 


actual 
tized  ? 


wilne 
worlv 


ARTICLE    XXVII. 


70 


crncd  from  I    actually  conveyed   to   those  who  arc   rightly   l)ap- 


co  between 
ich  wc  pro- 
through  the 
ism. 

not  only  a 


that  it  was 


n  or  Now- 


f^re  consc- 
icle  IX. 
!nition  ? 
?  by  it,  as 
•ch;"  and 
our  adop- 
n'e  visibly 

iiefits  are 


tized  1 
1.  11 


ed 


i>ecauso  it  is  the  effect  of  an  instrument,  sign 
and  seah'd,  to  convey  the  benefits  engaged  by  it ; 
and, 

2.  Because  Sacraments  are  in  their  nature  "  anre 
witnesses  and  effectual  signs,  by  which  (u)d  duth 
work  invisibly  in  us." 

What  further  benefit  may-be  expected  in  P>a])tism? 

"  Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue 
ofju'ayer  unto  God." 

What  does  the  Article  declare  ui  regard  to  "  the 
Baptism  of  young  Children?" 

That  it  "  is  in  any  wise  to  be  retained  in  the 
Church." 

What  facts  does  this  declaration  imply? 

That  the  baptism  of  infants  was  the  established 
custom  of  the  Church,  and  that  some  persons  were 
desirous  that  it  should  not  be  retained. 

W^ho  were  those  j^ersons  ? 

The  Anabaptists. 

What  is  the  meaning  and  origin  of  their  name  ? 

It  signifies  that  they  repeated  baptism;  that  is,  they 
baptized  again  at  adult  age  those  who  had  been  ba|> 
tized  in  infancy. 

Why  should  Infant  Baptism  bo  retained  in  the 
Church  ? 

Because  it  is  "  most  agreeable  with  the  institution 
of  Christ." 


^i 


f  4 


:1'1 


.».-»l 


.^^1^ 


80 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


IIow  arc  wc  assured  of  this  1 

1.  Because  the  Church  practised  it  from  the  very 
begimiiiig,  which  she  would  not  have  done,  if  it  had 
not  been  agreeable  to  Christ's  institution. 

2.  Because  the  benefits  of  it  arc  such  as  inflints 
need  and  are  capable  of. 

Why  do  infants  need  to  be  ingrafted  mto  the 
Church  ? 

Because  out  of  it  there  is  .lo  promise  of  salvation. 

Why  do  they  need  remission  of  sins  ? 

Because  they  are  born  in  original  sin. 

Why  do  they  need  the  gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost  ? 

In  order  that  from  the  very  Hrst  their  flesh  may 
be  controlled  by  the  Spirit. 

IIow  do  we  laiow  that  infants  arc  capable  of  being 
grafted  into  the  Church  and  receiving  remission  of 
sins  ? 

Because  they  had  both  in  circumcision. 

IIow  do  wc  Ivuuw  that  they  arc  capable  of  re- 
ceiving the  Holy  Ghost  ? 

Because  John  the  Baptist  was  filled  with  the  Holy 
Ghost  from  his  mother's  womb. 


Article  XXVIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-eighth  Article  1 
"  Tlie  Lord's  ^:5uppcr,"  or  the  Holy  Eucharist. 
What  is  the  fu'st  thiner  the  xVrticle  declares  con- 


cerning it  1 


ARTICLE    XXVIII. 


81 


1  the  very 
,  if  it  hud 

as  infants 

into  the 

salvation. 


Ghost  ? 
flosh  may 


0  of  beinnr 

o 

iiission  of 


)lc  of  rc- 
thc  Holy 


fVrtiele  ? 
irist. 
ires  con- 


Tliat  it  "  is  a  sign  of  the  love  that  Christians  ought 

to  have  among  themselves  one  to  another." 

How  is  it  so  1 

Because  they  all  partake  together  of  the  same 

food. 
Show  that  this  Is  mtended  to  Ijc  the  meaning  of  it. 

1  Cor.  X.  19,  compared  with  xii.  20.  St.  Paul 
teaches  those  who  communicate  herein  tliat,  inas- 
much as  they  "  are  all  partakers  in  that  one  ])read," 
they  arc  "  one  hody ;"  and  that  in  a  body  "  if  one 
member  sufler,  all  the  members  suffer  with  it,  or  if 
one  member  be  honoured,  all  the  members  rejoice 
with  it." 

How  does  this  answer  to  the  account  of  Sacraments 
in  Article  XXV.  that  they  are  "  tokens  of  Christian 
men's  profession  V 

Christi:i'is  j^rofess  to  be  j^arts  of  the  same  body, 
and  children  of  the  same  Father. 

But  what  is  this  Sacrament  besides  and  beyond 
this  1 

It  is  "  a  Sacrament  of  our  redemption  by  Christ's 
death."        • 

In  what  sense  is  the  word  Sacrament  here  used  1 

To  signify  "  an  effectual  sign"  of  divine  appoint- 
ment. See  Article  XXV.  It  is  therefore  a  mcMno- 
rial  of  the  sacrifice  of  Christ's  death,  elfectual  to  our 
redemption.     Compare  1  Cor.  xi.  20;  Gal.  iii.  1. 

What  then  is  the  effect  of  the  Sacrament  on  those 
who  rightly  partake  in  it  1 


"■■«  si 


82 


CATECHISM    ON   THE    ARTICLES. 


11 


ifw 


"  To  such  as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  re- 
ceive the  same,  the  Bread  which  we  break  is  a  par- 
taking  of  the  Body  of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup 
of  Blessing  is  a  partaking  of  the  Blood  of  Christ." 

Prove  from  Holy  Writ  that  it  is  so. 

1  Cor.  X.  16. 

How  then  is  this  Sacrament  effectual  to  our  re- 
demption ? 

Because  receiving  Christ  wc  receive  all  the  benefits 
of  His  passion. 

Is  Christ  thtii  received  in  the  Holy  Sacrament  1 

He  is  verily  and  indeed  "given,  taken,  and  re- 
ceived by  the  faithful." 

What  kind  of  receiving  do  you  call  this  ? 

A  7'eal,  S2)iritual,  not  a  carnal  receiving. 

Would  it  be  more  real  if  it  were  carnal  instead  of 
spiritual  1 

No  :  spiritual  things  are  more  real  than  things 
which  we  sec. 

What  is  "  transubstantiation  ?" 

The  supposed  change  of  the  substance  of  the  bread 
in  the  sacrament  into  the  substance  of  the  Flesh  of 
our  Lord,  and  the  change  of  the  substance  of  the  wine 
into  the  substance  of  His  Blood,  although  the  appear- 
ance and  other  outward  (qualities  of  the  bread  and 
wine  still  remain. 

Why  w\as  it  necessary  to  make  any  statement  oil 
this  subject  ? 

Because  at  the  Reformation  it  was  commonly  sup- 


posed 
Lord't 
W 


ith  faith,  re- 
Ilk  is  a  par- 
vlsii  the  Cup 
•  Christ." 


to  our  re- 

the  benefits 

jrament  1 
311,  and  re- 

<  2 

>  V 

instead  of 


han  things 


'the  bread 
3  FJesh  of 
)f  the  wine 
he  appear- 
bread  and 

tement  on 


ARTICLE    XXVIII. 


83 


posed  that  transubstantiation  really  took  place  in  the 
Lord's  Supper. 

What  does  the  Article  assert  with  regard  to  this 
opinion  ? 

1.  It  "  cannot  be  proved  by  Holy  Writ;" 

2.  It  "  is  repugnant  to  the  plain  words  of  Scrip- 
ture ;" 

3.  It  "  overthroweth  the  nature  of  a  Sacrament ;" 

4.  It  "  hath  given  occasion  to  many  superstitions." 
ITow  can  the  opinion  of  transubstantiation  be  said 

to  be  repugnant  to  the  plain  words  of  Scripture  1 

:Matt.  xxvi.  20  ;  1  Cor.  xi.  2G-29.  Our  Lord  calls 
tliu  wine  "  the  fruit  of  the  vine"  in  speaking  of  the 
Apostles'  drinking  it ;  and  St.  Paul,  in  speaking  of 
the  Holy  Sacrament,  repeatedly  calls  it  "  eating  bread 
and  drinking  of  the  cup." 

How  can  it  be  said  to  overthrow  the  nature  of  a 
Sacrament? 

Because  in  a  Sacrament  a  sign  is  recpiisite  ;  but  if 
the  l)rcad  and  wine  be  actually'  changed  into  the  sub- 
stance  of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  the  Lord,  the  sign  no 
longer  exists  to  be  partaken  of 

But  are  the  bread  and  wine  in  the  Lord's  Supper 
nothing  but  common  bread  and  wine? 

Thoy  are  much  more  than  this;  for  in  and  by 
thoTii  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ  are  "given"  by 
the  priest  to  each  communicant,  and  "  taken  and 
eaten"  by  him. 


^'iii 


I  *■! 


lonly  sup-     I       How  can  they  be  so 


given. 


taken  and  oaten  ? 


84 


CATECMIISM    UN    THE    ARTICLES. 


'i, 

it 


V 


"  After  a  licavcnly  jiiul  spiritual  manner 


)^ 


By  ^vhat  means  ean  mc  receive  and  eat  the  Body 
of  our  Lord  in  IhiH  heavenly  and  spiritual  manner? 

Bv  faith. 

Show  that  tliis  is  the  doctrine  of  tlie  Scripture. 

St.  John  vi.  47,  54.  Our  Lord  promises  eternal 
life  equally  to  those  who  believe  in  Ilim,  and  to  those 
who  eat  His  Flesh  and  drink  His  Blood. 

Why  is  faith  the  means  of  this  spiritual  eating? 

Because  it  is  the  soul  which  feeds  on  the  Body  and 
Blood  of  our  Lord,  whilst  the  body  feeds  on  the  out- 
ward signs. 

Wliat  is  the  last  assertion  in  the  Article  ? 

"  The  Sacniment  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by 
Christ's  ui'di nance  reserved,  carried  about,  lifted  up, 
or  worshipped.*' 

Does  any  one  deny  this  ? 

No  :  the  ancient  customs  of  the  Church  prove  it. 

What  does  the  Chureh  wish  us  to  derive  from  this 
assi^'tioii  ? 

That  as  it  is  wrong  to  worship  the  Sacrament,  so  it 
was  1)etter  to  give  up  the  custom  of  reserving  and 
carrying  it  about,  which  had  led  to  such  a  "  superstl- 


7) 


tious    use 


Article  XXIX. 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  twenty-ninth  Article  1 
"  The  Wicked,  which  eat  not  the  Body  of  Christ 
in  the  use  of  the  Lord's  Supper." 


B* 


• 

t  the  Body 
manner  ? 

iptiiro. 

scs  eternal 
id  to  those 

eating  ? 
i  Body  and 
on  the  out- 


J .' 


•vas  not  by 
t,  lifted  lip, 


prove  it. 
)  from  this 

ment,  so  it 
srving  and 


(( 


supersti. 


\.rticle  ? 
of  Christ 


ARTICLE    XXX. 


85 


Wh\'  was  it  neeessar\  (••  make  this  denial  ? 
Bi'caiisc  lliose  who  bi-lievi'd  in  transubstantiation 
b('lii'\<'d  ihat  the  wicivcd  were  ])artakers. 


\VI 


IV  (•;iiinnt  llicv  be 


Bceausc  ihcv  arr  "void  of  a  lively  faith,"  and  con- 
se(|U('Htly  have  not  the  means  of  being  "partakers  of 
Christ." 

What  is  llu*  \vhole  extent  to  whieh  wieked  people 
partake  of  Chi-ist  in  the  Saeramenf? 

St.  Augustine  saith,  "that  they  carnallv  and  visibly 
press  wltii  their  teeth  the  Saerament  of  the  Body  and 
Blood  of  Christ." 

AVhat  I'lVect  has  this  partaking  upon  them? 

They  "  eat  and  dj'ink  tlie  sign  of  so  great  a  thing 
to  their  condemnation." 

Show^  that  this  is  the  doctrine  of  Holy  Scrip- 
ture. 

1  Cor.  xi.  29. 

Article  XXX. 

"What  is  the  title  of  the  thirtieth  Article? 
"Of both  Kinds." 
"What  is  meant  by  this  ? 
"  Both  parts"  of  the  Holy  Saerament. 
What  does  the  Article  say  upon  this  subject  ? 
That  "  the  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to 
the  Lay-people." 

Who  are  the  lay-people  ? 
All  persons  except  clergymen. 

8 


I  it.  I 


i 


%4. 


■*J 


~--k- 


86 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


Why  was  It  necessary  to  say  that  the  cuji  of  the 
Lord  is  not  to  he  denied  to  them? 

Because  when  tlie  iJi'Corniation  l)egan  they  were 
not  allowed  to  partake  of  it. 

How  did  this  happen  ? 

It  arose  from  superstitions  veneration  for  the  sacred 
elements,  as  supj)()sing  some  portion  of  the  conse- 
crated wine  might  l)c  spilled  from  the  chalice,  in 
administi'riiiii;  it  to  them. 

Why  sIkjuUI  not  the  cup  be  denied  to  lay -people? 

Because  "hy  Christ's  ordinance  an<l  commandment, 
both  parts  of  the  Sacrament  ought  to  be  ministered 
to  all  Christian  men  alike." 

How  does  that  aj^pear  ? 

Because  our  T^ord  a[)[)oiuted  the  cup  to  be  partaken 
of  in  the  same  maimer  as  the  bread  ;  and  St.  Paul, 
in  writing  to  the  Corijithians,  makes  no  difK'rence  1)e- 
tween  the  two,  althouirh  writiiiir  to  the  wholes  Church. 

(live  a  further  reason. 

Because  our  Lord  a[>pointc'd  each  of  the  elements 
by  consecration  to  communicate  ii  particular  blessing, 
and  therefore  those  who  deny  the  cup  U)  lay-people 
deprive  them,  so  far  as  lies  in  their  power,  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  benefit  of  the  Sacrament. 

Article  XXXI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-first  Article  ? 
"  The  one  Oblation  of  Christ  fuiished  upon  the 
Cross." 


01 
Ti 

the 


( 


satis 
origi 


AUTICLK    XXXI. 


87 


i  cuji  of  the 
L  they  were 


r  (he  sacred 
the  consc- 


chalice,  i 


in 


ay -people  ? 
inaiHlniont, 
ministered 


e  partaken 
1  St.  Paul, 
IcrcMice  be- 
'Ic  Church. 

elonie?)ts 
r  bh^ssliior, 

lay-people 
<>t*  a  por- 


.iclc  ? 
upon  the 


What  is  the  meaiihig  o^  oblation  ? 

Ollerinj^. 

AVhat  (lues  the  Article  teach  upon  this  sul)ji'ct? 

Thut  '"the  OUcring  which  Christ  unce  made  upon 
tlie  Cross  is  the  ptrlcct  redemption,  propitiation,  and 
satisfaction,  for  all  the  sins  of  the  whole  -svorld,  both 
original  and  actual ;"  and  that  "  there  is  no  t»ther 
satisfaction  for  sin,  but  that  alone." 

What  nuist  we  understand  by  staying  tliat  the  of- 
fering of  Ciu'ist  is  a  rcdeinptlon? 

That  His  life  was  paid  an  a iu'lce  to  icdeem  man- 
kind from  everlasting  death. 

AV'hat  is  meant  by  saying  that  it  is  a 2)ropitiation? 

That  it  is  the  means  o^  rcconciluig  man  to  God. 

And  by  speaking  of  it  as  a  satisfaction? 

That  it  makes  amends  for  all  the  sin  of  all  men. 

What  occasion  was  there  for  the  i:>rotestation  made 
in  these  words  of  the  Article  1 

Because  there  was  a  prevalent  opinion  that  every 
time  the  priest  celelrrated  the  Eucharist,  ho  "  offered 
Christ  again  in  sacrifice  for  the  cpiick  and  the  dead, 
so  that  they  hereby  have  remission  of  pain  and 
guilt." 

Prove  that  the  sacrifice  of  Christ  cannot  be  re- 
peated. 

Hebrews  x.  11-14,  18.  St.  Paul  expressly  teaches 
that  the  sacrifice  of  Christ  differed  from  those  of  the 
Jewish  priesthood  in  this  respect,  that  "byjiis  one 
otfering  He  liath  perfected  for  over  them  Vnat  are 


I' 


m 


88 


CATKCIIISM    OX    THE    AUTK'IJ:S. 


If 

I" 


sanctified,"  aiul  tliat  tlieiv  is  thorrlljro  now  *'*no  more 
ofVcrin^  I'or  sin." 

What  tlion  are  the  "  saerlllccs  of  ^Masses"  spoken 
of  in  iho  Article  ? 

"  Alass"  ineiuis  the  Holy  Eucharist ;  and  it  was 
supposed  that  the  priest  was  able  to  niak(^  it  avnil- 
al)lc  for  the  sins  of  any  particulai*  person  lie  chose  ; 
and  conse(iuently  many  thought  tliey  could  l)e  for- 
given  their  shis  l)y  merely  "  hearing  mass  and  beiiii^ 
blessed  with  the  chalice  ;"  and  ])ersons  |)aid  priests 
for  celebrating  the  jnass  for  the  remission  of  the  paiu 
and  guilt  of  their  departed  friends. 

Wiiy  are  these  practices  called  '•  fables  1" 

Because  they  rest  upon  no  solid  foundation. 

Why  "  blasphemous  1" 

Because  they  have  a  tendency  to  lessen  In  men's 
minds  the  value  of  the  atonement  which  Christ  juade. 

Why  arc  they  called  "  dangerous  deceits  ?" 

Because  there  was  found  to  be  danger  of  their  de- 
ceiving men,  by  leading  them  to  su|)j)ose  that  t^ey 
could  be  delivered  from  punishment  by  the  sacrifice 
of  the  mass,  without  any  repentance. 

Why  then  is  Christ  called  onr  great  Iligli  Priest  now? 

Because  He  pleads  the  merits  of  the  one  Sacrifice 
of  the  Cross  before  Ilis  Father  in  heaven.  Hebrews 
vii.  24,  25. 

When  does  He  do  this  especially  ? 

Wlien  \ve  celebrate  the  Sacrament  of  our  redemp- 
tion. 


(( 


>v    no  m<.^rc 

ses"  spoken 

ai)d  it  Avas 
ko  it  avuil- 
ho  cliose  ; 
iiM  !)(>  i'nr. 
>  mill  Ix'iiiif 
>ai(l  priests 
of  tlic  pain 


fion. 

I  in  men's 
H'Ist  iiKulo. 
s?" 

)f  their  dc- 
that  t'.cy 
lie  .saerilicc 

^rie'^tnowl 
e  Sacrifice 
Hebrews 


ARTICLE    XXXII,  89 


Article  XXXII. 

What  is  the  suhjeet  of  the  thirty-second  Article? 

"  Tlie  Marriaf^e  of  Priests." 

AVhat  does  it  teach  in  regard  to  their  niarriaco  ? 

That  "  it  is  lawful  for  them,  as  for  all  other  Chris- 
tian men,  to  marry  at  their  own  discretion,  as  they 
shall  judge  the  same  to  serve  better  to  godliness." 

AVhy  Avas  it  necessary  to  make  this  declaration? 

Because  for  several  centuries  the  Church  had  for- 
hiddeii  persons  in  holy  orders  to  marry,  and  required 
them  to  '•  vow  the  estate  of  single  life"  before  she 
would  admit  them  to  holy  orders. 

Upon  what  ground  does  the  Article  declare  it 
lawful  for  the  clergy  to  marry  ? 

Because  "  they  are  not  commanded  by  God's  Law, 
cither  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life,  or  to  abstain 
from  marriage." 

Is  there  any  one  who  denies  this  1 

No. 

Upon  what  ground  then  docs  the  Church  of  Rome 
now  recpiire  C(  libacy  from  the  clergy  ? 

Because  she  thiidvs  celibacy  a  holier  state  than 
marriage,  and  chooses  to  require  that  state  from  her 
clerfTv. 

May  not  a  law  of  the  Church  make  it  a  duty  to 
ir  rcdemp-    f     abstain  from  that  which  would,  otherwise   be  law- 


ful? 


8* 


^'^^ 


.\  ;i 


i  m 


00 


CATKCIirSM    ON'    TflR    ATITICLES. 


Un(loi!l)(i'(lly,  o.\(.'c[)t  some  giH'Ut  evil  is  likely  to 
follow  iVom  tlu'  jii'ohlbitioii. 

How  does  it  a|)[)i';ii'  lli;it  It  is  (langcrons  to  forbid 
the  clergy  iVom  inan'}ing  ? 

Beeaiise  our  I^(ji'd  s[)eaks  of  the  power  of  living  in 
celibacy  as  a  special  divine  gift  to  individuals,  (St. 
Matt.  xix.  1*2,  13,)  l)ut  what  could  scaively  be  ex- 
pected in  an  eiitii'e  class  of  iiu'n. 

Does  the  Article  give  the  clei'gy  nu  mdiniited  au- 
thority to  marry  at  their  discretion  ? 

No:  It  authorizes  marriage  oidy  "as  they  shall 
judge  the  same  to  serve  Letter  to  godliness." 

What  is  the  custom  in  the  Greek  Church  ? 

The  ordinary  parochial  clergy  are  allowed  to  marry, 
but  Bishops  and  confessors  arc  taken  from  the  un- 
married clergy. 

Article  XXXTII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-third  Article  ? 

"  Excomn'unicatc  Persons." 

What  do  you  mean  by  an  excommunicato  per- 
son? 

"  That  person  ^vllich,  by  open  denunciation  of  the 
Church,  is  rightly  cut  off  from  the  iniity  of  the 
Church." 

What  do  }'0U  understand  by  "  open  denunciation 
of  the  Church  ?" 

An  open  publication  made  from  the  altar  by  the 
priest,  upon  the  authority  of  the  bishop,  that  ho  has 


passiied 
excomi 

\Vh. 
munica 

The 

Wh 
the  ( 'h 

Be 
do  the 

Wli; 

Cut 
hy  the 


is  I'lkvAy  to 

lis  tu  furl) id 

of  living  ill 
•i<iiials,  (St. 
'«^'l}'  l>c  ex- 

liiiiitc'd  au- 

llicy  sluill 


?) 


»s. 

h? 

.1  to  marryj 

•m  the  uii- 


rticlc  ? 
icate   pcr- 

on  of  tho 

^y  of  the 

luiiciation 

11'  by  the 
^t  ho  has 


ARTICLE    XXXTII. 


01 


pa^!*o(l  u[>''»n  any  particular  person  tho  sentonco  of 
exconniuiiiicalioii. 

W'iio  has  aiiliiurity  to  pass  tho  sontonco  of  cxcom- 
municatroii  ? 

Tlio  bishop  uf  the  diocese,  or  a  judge  deputed  by  him. 

AVhy  is  this  publication  called  the  denunciation  of 
the  Chiu-eh? 

Because  it  is  done  by  those  whose  authority  so  to 
clu  the  Church  has  always  recomiised. 

Wliat  do  you  mean  by  "  rightly  cut  olV?" 

Cut  oflf  for  some  great  sin,  and  after  proper  trial 
l^y  the  bishop  or  those  appointed  for  the  purpose. 

What  is  meant  by  being  "  cut  olT  from  the  unity 
of  (he  Church?" 

Being  separated  from  the  communion  and  society 
of  tho  Church,  so  as  no  longer  to  be  reckoned  to 
belong  to  it. 

What  does  the  Article  say  of  such  a  person  ? 

That  he  is  "  to  be  taken  of  the  whole  multitude  of 
the  faithful,  as  a  Heathen  and  Publican." 

What  is  meant  by  "  the  whole  multitude  of  the 
faithful  f ' 

The  whole  body  of  Christians. 

In  what  manner  is  ho  to  be  treated  ? 

He  is  "  to  be  avoided." 

* 

How  long  is  he  to  be  so  treated  ? 

"  Until  he  be  opeidy  reconciled  by  penance,  and 
received  into  the  Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  au- 
thority thereunto." 


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92 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


What  do  you  understand  by  "  penance  1" 

Such  outward  exercise  of  penitence  as  may  satisfy 
the  Church. 

What  do  you  understand  by  being  "  recoijciled  by 
penance'?" 

Reconciled  to  the  Church  by  the  discharge  of  the 
penalties  imposed. 

What  is  the  effect  of  being  so  reconciled  1 

That  the  persons  are  received  back  into  the 
Church. 

By  whom  are  they  so  received  ? 

"  By  a  Judge  that  hath  authority"  to  receive  them 
back  again. 

From  whence  must  he  receive. his  authority'? 

From  the  bishop  of  the  diocese. 

What  is  the  chief  mark  of  their  being  received 
again  into  the  Church  ? 

They  are  allowed  to  partake  of  the  Holy  Com- 
munion. .V 

Article  XXXIV. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-fourth  Article  1 

"  The  Traditions  of  the  Church." 

What  is  here  meant  by  the  traditions  of  the 
Church'?  . 

Its  customs  of  a  ceremonial  nature. 

What  does  the  Article  declare  respecting  them  1 

That  "  it  is  not  necessary  that  thoy  should  be  in 
all  places  one,  or  utterly  alike."  ,  ,     -^ ,  ' 


ARTICLE   XXXIV. 


93 


may  satisfy 
coijciled  by 
irge  of  the 

into    the 

ccive  them 
»rity? 

ig  received 
■loly  Corn- 


Article  ? 
IS   of  the 


J  them  ? 
uld  be  in 


What  occasion  was  there  for  making  this  declara- 
tion'? 

Because  the  Court  of  Rome  endeavoured  to  bring 
all  Churches  to  use  the  same  customs  and  ceremonies. 

What  ground  is  stated  for  this  declaration  ? 

"  At  all  times  they  have  been  diverse  ;"  and  con- 
sequently they  "  may  be  changed  according  to  the 
diversities  of  countries,  times,  and  men's  manners." 

What  caution  must  be  observed  in  changing  such 
traditions  1  '  ^  " 

"  That  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's  Word." 

Since  traditions  may  be  changed,  is  it  lawful  for 
any  individual  to  depart  from  them  at  his  discretion  ? 

No :  provided  they  be  "  ordained  and  approved 
by  common  authority,"  and  "  not  repugnant  to  the 
Word  of  God."      ^ 

What  is  meant  by  "  common  authority  ?" 

The  general  authority  of  the  Church,  expressed  in 
an  authorized  manner. 

What  is  that  authorized  manner  in  the  Church  of 
England? 

The  convocation  of  the  bishops  and  clergy,  with 
the  sanction  of  the  sovereign. 

What  is  that  authorized  manner  in  the  Church  in 
the  United  States  ] 

The  General  Convention  of  the  Church,  in  which 
the  Bishops  and  Delegates  of  the  clergy  and  laity  are 
duly  assembled.         " 

What  is  said  in  the  Article  respecting  those,  who, 


U^l 


m 


ml 


94 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


"  through  their  own  private  jiiclgment,  willingly  and 
purposely,  do  openly  break"  such  traditions  1 

That  they  "  ought  to  be  rebuked  openly." 

On  what  grounds  ? 

Because  they  offend  "  against  the  common  order 
of  the  Church,  and  hurt  the  authority  of  the  Magis- 
trate, and  wound  the  consciences  of  weaker  brethren." 

Do  all  these  reasons  apply  in  all  Churches  1 

No  :  the  second  does  not  apply  in  countries  where 
the  civil  rulers  do  not  uphold  the  laws  of  the  Church. 

How  are  the  consciences  of  w^eaker  brethren  wound- 
ed by  such  conduct  ?     .       ^ 

They  learn  to  break  the  laws  of  the  Church,  by 
seeing  others  do  it. 

If  individuals  may  not  break  the  traditions  of  the 
Church,  who  may  chauge  them  ? 

"  Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  au- 
thority to  ordain,  change,  and  abolish,  Ceremonies  and 
Rites  of  the  Church." 

May  such  Churches  abolish  any  ceremonies  they 
think  proper  1 

The  Article  merely  asserts  that  they  may  change 
or  abolish  such  as  are  "  ordained  only  by  man's  au- 
thority." 

In  so  doing  what  caution  must  be  observed  ? 

"  That  all  things  be  done  to  edifying." 

Who  is  to  be  judge  of  this  ?  v 

Those  who  are  in  authority  in  the  Cliurch. 


villingly  and 
)ns  ? 
ly." 

nmon  order 
f  the  Magis- 
?r  brethren." 
hes  ? 

ntries  where 
'the  Church, 
hren  wound- 
Church,  hj 
[tions  of  the 

3h  hath  au- 
emonies  and 

Qonies  they 

may  change 
y  man's  au- 

ved? 

y 

3h. 


ARTICLE    XXXV. 


95 


"  .V 


Article  XXXV.    .; 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-fifth  Article  1 

"  The  Homilies." 

What  do  you  understand  by  the  Homilies  1 

Two  books  of  discourses  or  sermons,  published  in 
England,  in  the  reigns  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth  and 
Queen  Elizabeth,  by  public  authority,  and  appointed 
to  be  "  read  in  Churches  by  the  Ministers." 

What  was  the  occasion  of  their  publication  1 

Tlie  clergy  for  the  most  part  were  very  ignorant, 
and  unfit  to  teach  the  people  themselves,  and  there- 
fore books  of  instruction  were  provided  for  them. 

What  is  said  respecting  these  Homilies'? 

That  they  "  contain  a  godly  and  wholesome  Doc- 
trine, and  necessary  for  these  times."  .^ 

For  what  times  1 

For  the  times  in  which  they  were  drawn  up. 

Why  were  they  particularly  suited  for  those  times? 

Because  they  opposed  the  prevalent  errors. 

Does  this  declaration  pledge  the  Church  to  every 
statement  contained  in  the  Homilies  ? 

No  :  only  to  the  general  course  of  doctrine. 

Give  the  names  of  the  Homilies  in  the  first  book. 

1.  A  fruitful  exhortation  to  the  reading  of  Holy 
Scripture.  '  ■ 

2.  Of  the  Misery  of  all  Mankind.  '^" 

3.  Of  the  Salvation  of  all  Mankind. 


m 


'  VI 


:iX\ 


4 


"W 


'V 

# 


96  CATECHISM   ON   THE   ARTICLES. 

4.  Of  the  true  and  lively  Faith. 

5.  Of  good  Works. 

6.  Of  Christian  Love  and  Charity. 

7.  Against  Swearing  and  Perjury. 

8.  Of  the  declining  from  God.  ' 

9.  An  Exhortation  against  the  Fear  of  Death. 

10.  An  Exhortation  to  Obedience. 

11.  Against  Whoredom  and  Adultery. 

12.  Against  Strife  and  Contention. 

Give  the  names  of  the  Homilies  in  the  second  book. 

1.  Of  the  right  Use  of  the  Church. 

2.  Against  Peril  of  Idolatry. 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches. 

4.  Of  good  Works  :  first  of  Fasting.  ^ 

5.  Against  Gluttony  and  Drunkenness.     . 

6.  Against  Excess  of  Apparel. 

7.  Of  Prayer.  '  '      ^ 

8.  Of  the  Plan  and  Time  of  prayer. 

9.  That  Common  Prayer  and  Sacraments  ought 
to  be  ministered  in  a  known  tongue ;  or,  as  it  is  in 
the  Book  of  Homilies,  of  Common  Prayer  and  Sac- 
raments. > , 

10.  Of  the  reverend  Estimation  of  God's  Word; 
or,  An  Information  of  them  which  take  offence  at 
certain  places  of  Holy  Scripture. 

11.  Of  Alms-doing ;  or,  of  alms-deeds. 

12.  Of  the  Nativity  of  Christ. 

13.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ ;  (the  book  adds)  for 
Good  Friday. 


of  Death. 


second  book. 


hurches. 


s. 


ments  ought 
or,  as  it  is  in 
yer  and  Sac- 

rod's  Word ; 
e  offence  at 


ok  adds)  for 


ARTICLE    XXXV. 


97 


14.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ ;  (the  book  adds) 
for  Easter  Day. 

15.  Of  the  worthy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of 
the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ. 

16.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost ;  or,  an  Homily 
concerning  the  coming  down  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  for 
Whitsunday. 

17.  For  the  Rogation-days  ;  or,  an  Homily  for 
Rogation  week. 

18.  Of  the  State  of  Matrimony. 

19.  Against  Idleness.  , 

20.  Of  Repentance,  (the  book  adds)  and  true  Rec- 
onciliation to  God. 

21.  Against  Rebellion ;  or,  an  Homily  against  Dis- 
obedience and  wilful  Rebellion. 

Why  cannot  the  Church  be  supposed  to  be  pledged 
to  every  statement  in  the  Homilies] 

1.  Because  they  are  not  drawn  up  with  the  care- 
fulness of  doctrinal  treatises ; 

2.  Because  they  are  occasionally  at  variance  with 
the  Articles ; 

3.  Because  they  are  occasionally  inconsistent  with 
each  other.  .  .  ■  . 

What  particular  Homily  has  special  authority  in 
matter  of  doctrine  ?  •       ^  . , ; 

That  on  "  the  Salvation  of  all  Mankind.  * 

Why  so  1 

Because  it  is  specially  referred  to  in  the  eleventh 
Article,  .  : 


M 

'i,    I 


ll, 


'^4 


f. 

i'u\ 
Mi. 


I 


98  CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 

On  what  grounds  docs  the  Church  in  the  United 
States  receive  this  Article  ? 

Because  it  considers  the  Book  of  Homilies  "  to  bo 
an  explication  of  Christian  doctrine  and  instruction 
in  piety  and  morals." 

What  parts  of  the  Homilies  arc  considered  as 
inapplicable  to  the  circumstances  of  the  Church  in 
America  ? 

All  those  which  have  "  references  to  the  constitu- 
tion and  laws  of  England." 

What  is  said  of  the  order  for  reading  the  Homilies 
in  Churches  ? 

It  is  suspended. 

Until  when  ?  * 

"  Until  a  revision  of  them  may  be  conveniently 
made."  '  '      .     ' 

Why  is  a  revision  necessary? 

In  order  to  clear  them  from  obsolete  words  and 
phrases  and  from  local  references. 

Article  XXXVI. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-sixth  Article? 
"  The  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers." 
Whom  do  you  understand  under  the  name  of 
bishops  ?  '     '  ,     , 

Archbishops  likewise. 
And  w^hom  under  the  name  of  ministers  ? 
Priests  and  deacons. 


ARTICLE    XXXVI. 


m 


the  United 

(lies  "  to  be 
instruction 

isidcred  as 
Church  in 

le  constitu- 

10  Homilies 


5nveniently 


words  and 


rticle  ? 
ters." 
name  of 


What  is  the  consecration  of  priests  and  deacons 
called?  .   . 

"  Ordering"  or  ordaining. 

How  has  the  Church  in  the  United  States  provided 
for  the  consecration  and  ordination  of  her  bishops 
and  ministers  ? 

By  the  book  "  set  forth  by  the  General  Convention 
of  this  Church  in  1792." 

What  does  the  Article  declare  concerning  those 
who  have  been  or  shall  be  consecrated  or  ordered 
according  to  the  rites  of  that  book  ? 

That  "  they  be  rightly,  orderly,  and  lawfully  con- 
secrated and  ordered." 

On  what  ground  is  this  asserted  1 

1.  Because  that  book  "  doth  contain  all  things  ne- 
cessary to  such  Consecration  and  Ord    hig  ;" 

2.  Because  it  contains  nothing  "  i.  ot  is  of  itself 
superstitious  and  ungodly." 

What  things  are  necessary  to  the  consecration  of 
a  bishop  in  the  United  States  1 

That  he  be  consecrated  by  at  least  three  bishops, 
one  orderly  presiding,  and  the  other  bishops  present 
joining  with  him  in  laying  on  of  hands. 

What  things  are  necessary  to  the  ordination  of  a 
priest  1 

That  it  be  done  by  a  bishop,  other  priests  laying 
on  their  hands  likewise. 

What  is  necessary  to  the  ordering  of  a  deacon  1 


III 


r  ■ ) 


100 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


Tliat  it  be  done  by  the  laying  on  of  the  hands  of  a 
bishop. 

How  does  it  appear  that  this  is  all  that  is  neces- 
sary  ? 

Because  such  was  the  practice  of  the  Primitive 
Church. 


iG  hands  of  a 


AKTICLK    XXXVII. 


101 


hat  i 


IS  neces- 


le  Primitive 


PART  V. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  Articles  contained  in 
the  fifth  division  ? 
The  civil  duties  of  the  members  of  the  Church. 
What  Articles  does  it  contain  ? 
The  thirty-seventh,  thirty-eighth,  and  thirty-ninth. 

Article  XXXVII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-seventh  Article  ? 

<' The  Civil  Magistrates."* 

What  is  the  meaning  of  that  expression  ? 

The  rulers  or  governors  pertaining  to  this  world. 

[Who  is  the  chief  of  these  1  , :   - 

The  king  or  queen.  ,    , 

What  power  has  he  in  consequence  ? 

He  has  "  the  chief  government  of  all  estates  in 
the  realm,  whether  they  be  ecclesiastical  or  civil." 

What  is  meant  by  "  all  estates  in  the  realm  f 

Al'  ranks  and  classes  of  persons  in  the  kingdom. 

What  is  meant  by  "  ecclesiastical  estates  ?" 

Classes  of  persons  in  the  ministry  of  the  Church. 

What  is  the  effect  of  the  king's  having  the  chief 
government  of  all  classes  ?     .. ;        ,  ,    v     .     \   ' 

*  Much  of  this  Article  differs,  as  sot  forth  by  the  airch  of  England, 
from  that  form  given  it  by  the  P.  E.  Church  in  the  United  States.  But 
the  explanation  of  the  English  Article  is  retained,  on  account  of  its  im- 
portant statements  concerning  the  usurpations  of  the  Bishop  of  Rome. 

9* 


II'  li 


102 


CATECHISM   ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


1.  That  the  government  of  the  kingdom  "  is  not 
nor  ought  to  be  subject  to  any  foreign  jurisdic. 
tion." 

.  2.  That  the  sovereigns  of  England*  "  should  rule 
all  states  and  degrees  oommitted  to  their  charge  by 
Godjf  whether  they  be  ecclesiastical  or  temporal,  and 
restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the  stubborn  and  evil 
doers." 

What  is  meant  by  saying  that  the  kingdom  [coun- 
try]  is  not  subject  to  any  foreign  jurisdiction  1 

That  no  ruler  in  any  foreign  country  has  any  pow- 
er or  authority  over  the  government  of  the  kingdom 
[country]  either  in  Church  or  State. 

What  is  meant  by  the  expression,  "is  not  nor 
ought  to  be  subject  ?"  ' 

That  it  is  not  so  by  right  at  present,  and  ought  not 
to  be  made  so  at  any  future  time. 

What  occasion  was  there  for  making  this  declara- 
tion? 

Because  the  bishop  of  Rome  claimed  chief  juris- 
diction both  ecclesiastical  and  civil. 

On  what  grounds  do  the  bishops  of  Rome  claim 
chief  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  in  this  kingdom  [coun- 
try] ? 

They  assert  that  St.  Peter  had  chief  ecclesiastical 
jurisdiction  given  him  by  Christ  over  the  whole 


•  In  the  United  States,  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the 
Governor  of  each  state, 
t  Through  the  choice  of  the  people,  in  the  United  States.  ^ 


ARTICLE    XXXVir. 


103 


lom  "is  not 
ign  jurisdic 

should  rule 
r  charge  by 
mporal,  and 
)rn  and  evil 


?dom  [coun- 
ion  ? 


as  any  pow- 
he  kingdom 


( : 


IS  not  nor 
Ld  ought  not 
'his  declara- 

chief  juris- 

*ome  claim 
dom  [coun- 

3clesiastical 
the  whole 

states  and  the 
es. 


Cluirch,  and  that  thoy  are  successors  of  St.  Peter  and 
consequently  have  the  same  jurisdiction. 

What  grounds  hjive  tliey  for  this  assertion  1     • 

Two  texts  of  Scripture ;  viz.,  "  Thou  art  Peter, 
and  upon  this  rock  I  will  build  my  Church ;"  and,  "  1 
will  give  unto  thee  the  keys  of  the  kingdom  of  hea- 
ven, and  whatsoever  thou  shalt  bind  on  earth  shall 
be  bound  in  heaven,  and  whatsoever  thou  shalt  loose 
on  earth  shall  be  loosed  in  heaven."        ,  •  < 

Show  that  the  first  of  these  texts  does  not  prove 
that  for  which  it  is  adduced. 

Many  eminent  fathers  of  the  Church  consider  the 
rock  there  mentioned  to  be  not  St.  Peter  himself,  but 
the  truth  he  then  confessed. 

But  supposing  it  to  mean  St.  Peter,  how  is  it  to  be 
interpreted  ?  -       •  -  •      ' 

The  other  Apostles  arc  foundation  stones  of  the 
Church  equally  with  St.  Peter ;  and  he  is  only  the 
first  of  them.     See  Rev.  xxi.  14. 

Show  that  the  second  passage  does  not  prove  the 
supremacy  of  St.  Peter.         -  -         '  •  - '   •  -^    * 

Because  the  same  power  was  afterwards  given  to 
the  other  Apostles.     St.  Matt,  xviii.  18. 

What  was  that  power  ? 

The  power  of  admitting  members  into  the  Church, 
of  ruling  them  in  it,  of  excluding  them  from  it,  and 
of  restoring  them  to  it.      "     "^'^  *'        -^  *        *     ^* 

Show  that  St.  Peter  had  no  power  over  the  other 
Apostles, 


,-<«:. 


i 


S.i 


If.  r 

:!!        I 


I 


m. 


104 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


There  is  no  recorded  instance,  eivncr  in  Holy 
Scripture,  or  in  the  history  of  the  priinitive  Church, 
of  St.  Peter's  exercising  any  authority  or  jurisdiction 
more  than  the  other  Apostles. 

Show  that,  supposing  he  possessed  such  authority, 
the  bishops  of  Rome  do  not  possess  it. 

Gregory  the  Great,  bishop  of  Eome,  shows  that 
up  to  his  time  it  was  an  established  principle  in  the 
Church  of  Christ,  that  there  was  no  universal  bishop. 

How  does  that  appear  1 

Because  he  himself  said,  "  whosoever  calls  himself 
or  desires  to  be  called  a  universal  priest  or  bishop,  is 
in  his  pride  the  forerunner  of  Anti-christ." 

How  came  the  bishops  of  Rome  to  have  any 
spiritual  authority  in  the  kingdom  of  England  1 

Because  by  the  instrumentality  of  a  bishop  of 
Rome  the  first  bisl^ops  were  appointed  for  our  fore- 
fathers the  Anglo-Saxons ;  and  because  the  bishops 
of  Rome  were  highest  in  rank  in  western  Christen- 
dom ;  and  thus  were  constantly  appealed  to  for  the 
purpose  of  settling  disputes. 

How  did  they  lose  this  authority  1 

By  stretching  it  too  far  and  claiming  it  as  a  right. 

Why  ought  they  not  to  have  it  restored  to  them 
again?  , 

Because  there  is  fear  of  the  recurrence  of  similar 
abuses,  and  because  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  author- 
ities of  the  country  are  fully  competent  to  provide 
for  its  temporal  and  spiritual  government. 


Oii 
chief 


s. 


ARTICLE    XXXVir. 


105 


xer  ill  Holy 
Litive  Church, 
r  jurisdiction 

ch  authority, 

!,  shows  that 
inciple  in  the 
'ersal  bishop. 


On  what 


Jails  himself 
or  bishop,  is 


5? 


0  have  any 
?land  ? 

1  bishop  of 
hr  our  fore- 
the  bishops 
rn  Christen- 
d  to  for  the 


t  as  a  right, 
•ed  to  them 


3  of  similar 
:ical  author- 
to  provide 


wnat  ground  have  the  hishrjps  of  Rome  claimed 
chief  civil  jurisdiction  in  Englnnd? 

Partly  on  the  ground  of  their  claim  of  chief  eccle- 
siastical jurisdiction,  partly  on  the  ground  of  a  ces- 
sion made  to  them  by  a  former  king  of  England. 

How  do  they  build  a  claim  of  civil  jurisdiction  on 
that  of  spiritual  jurisdiction  1 

They  assert  that  civil  rulers  being  Christians,  are 
subject  to  censure  and  punishment,  if  they  use  their 
power  to  the  detriment  of  the  Church. 

In  what  way  has  this  taken  effect  ? 

They  have  claimed  the  power  to  absolve  subjects 
from  their  obligation  of  allegiance,  and  to  give  them 
authority  to  depose  and  murder  their  princes. 

Prove  that  they  have  no  right  to  any  such  power. 

It  was  never  heard  of  in  the  Church  for  more  than 
600  years ;  and  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul  require  all 
Christians  to  be  subject  to  the  king,  or  chief  civil 
ruler.    Rom.  xiii.  1 ;  1  St.  Pet.  ii.  13. 

What  other  peculiar  ground  of  claim  had  the 
bishops  of  Rome  to  the  chief  civil  power  in  England  ? 

Because  John,  king  of  England,  surrendered  the 
kingdom  to  the  Pope  on  behalf  of  himself  and  his 
successors. 

Show  that  this  constitutes  no  rightful  claim.  * 

King  John  had  no  authority  to  do  such  an  act 
without  the  consent  of  parliament ;  and  no  such  act 
could  bind  his  successors. 

When  it  is  said  that  "  the  bishop  of  Rome  hath  no 


m^ 


Pii 


K  I 


^  t\ 


f'J 


106 


CATECHISM    ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


jurisdiction  in  this  realm  of  England,"  what  do  you 
understand  1 

That  he  has  no  rightful  authority  of  any  kind  in 
that  kingdom,  whether  ecclesiastical  or  temporal. 

What  is  this  second  doctrine  taught  in  this  [En- 
glish] Article? 

That  the  kings  of  England*  have  "authority  to 
rule  all  conditions  of  persons  both  ecclesiastical  and 
temporal,  and  to  restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the 
stubborn  and  evil  doers." 

How  have  they  this  authority  ? 

Because  it  pertains  to  all  chief  rulers  to  rule  their 
subjects  of  every  class. 

Show  that  this  is  the  case. 

1  St.  Pet.  ii.  13  ;  Rom.  xiii.  1.  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul  both  declare  it. 

In  what  way  have  they  power  to  exercise  this 
authority? 

By  requiring  all  of  every  class  to  observe  the  laws. 

Does  this  give  them  power  in  ecclesiastical  mat- 
ters? . 

In  England  it  does,  because  the  laws  of  the  Church 
are  the  laws  of  the  land ;  but  not  in  the  United  States. 

Was  this  power  ever  "  given  to  godly  princes  in 
Holy  Scripture  by  God  Himself?" 

Yes ;   David,    Solomon,    Hezekiah,    and  Josiah, 


*  In  the  United  States  the  civil  authority— the  president  and  gov- 
ernors of  states,  chosen  to  exercise  such  power,  by  the  people,  but 
only  in  things  temporal. 


ES. 


'  what  do  you 

f  any  kind  in 
temporal. 
t  in  this  [En- 

'^  authority  to 
lesiastical  and 
^il  sword  the 


J  to  rule  their 


Peter  and  St. 

exercise  this 

rve  the  laws, 
liastical  mat- 

f  the  Church 
nited  States, 
ly  princes  in 

and  Josiah, 

sident  and  gov-    k 
the  people,  but 


ARTICLE    XXXVII. 


107 


either  exercised  this  power  over  priests  and  people 
under  Divine  direction,  or  were  commended  by  Him 
for  exercising  it. 

What  particular  conclusion   does   the   [English] 
Article  draw  from  this  general  authority  of  the  sove- 


reign ? 


That  "  it  is  lawful  for  Christian  men,  at  the  com- 
mandment of  the  magistrate,  to  wear  weapons,  and 
to  serve  in  the  wars."  ^     ' 

How  does  this  appear  to  be  true  ? 

Because  there  is  not  any  thing  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment to  the  contrary ;  and  because  otherwise  the 
chief  governor  could  not  defend  his  people  from 
foreign  invasion.  - 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  this  declaration  ? 

Because  there  were  some  who  declared  war  abso- 
lutely unlawful. 

In  what  manner  must  the  chief  magistrate  main- 
tain his  authority  over  those  whom  he  is  commis- 
sioned to  govern  ?       *  •  " 

He  may  "  restrain  with  the  civil  sword  the  stub- 
born and  evil  doers.  •'  '        ■       ' 

What  is  meant  by  restraining  them  with  the  civil 
sword  ? 

Punishing  them  with  temporal  punishments.      ' 

Why  is  the  expression,  "  the  sword,"  used  1       * 

1.  Because  "the  laws  of  the  realm  may  punish 
Christian  men  with  death,  for  heinous  and  grievous 
ofTences." 


m 

>■'■.  wi 


Hi- 

'■   ■(;■ 


I  f  ,1 


108 


CATECHISM   ON    THE    ARTICLES. 


2.  Because  God  Himself  ordained  death  as  the 
punishment  for  certain  oflences ;  and  St.  Paul  informs 
us  that  the  civil  ruler  is  authorized  by  God  to  "  bear 
the  sword"  and  to  "  execute"  with  it  "  wrath  upon 
him  that  doeth  evil."     Rom.  xiii.  4.] 

What  does  the  Church  in  the  United  States  assert 
of  "  the  power  of  the  civil  magistrate  V 

That  it  "  extendeth  to  all  men,  as  well  clergy  as 
laity,  in  al)  things  temporal." 

Has  he  any  authority  beyond  this  1 

The  civil  magistrate  "  hath  no  authority  in  things 
purely  spiritual." 

What  is  asserted  to  be  the  duty  of  all  Christian 
men? 

"  To  pay  respectful  obedience  to  the  civil  authority, 
regularly  and  legitimately  constituted." 


Article  XXXVIII. 

What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-eighth  Article  ? 

"  Christian  Men's  Goods." 

What  does  the  Article  teach  in  regard  to  them  1 

That  they  "  are  not  common,  as  touchmg  the  right, 
title,  and  possession  of  the  same." 

What  do  you  understand  by  this  ? 

That  Christians  have  not  a  common  or  general 
right  and  title  to  the  goods  which  they  severally  oc- 
cupy ;  nor  ought  they  to  claim  the  common  possession 
of  each  other's  goods. 


ARTICLE    XXXIX. 


109 


Icatli  as  tlie 
Paul  informs 
od  to  "  bear 
wratli  upon 

States  assert 

ell  clergy  as 

ity  in  things 
ill  Cliristian 
'il  authority, 


I  Article  ? 

to  them  1 
ig  the  right, 


or  general 

'Verally  oc- 

possession 


Why  was  it  necessary  to  declare  this?     - 

Because  "  certain  Anabaptists"  taught  the  contrary. 

What  ground  had  they  for  this  doctrine  1 

The  fact  that  the  Christians  in  Jerusalem,  in  the 
first  years  of  the  Church,  had  for  the  most  part  all 
things  in  common.  i  .  .    .- 

How  do  you  know  that  we  are  not  required  to  do 
the  same  ]  -        5m 

Because  St.  Peter,  in  reproving  Ananias  and  Sap- 
phira,  expressly  recognised  their  right  and  title  to 
keep  possession  of  their  property,  if  they  thought  fit. 
See  Acts  v.  4.  !      ,  v         •  i"       •    .  • 

Is  this  right  of  ours  unlimited  ?       ' 

No  :  "  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as  he  pos- 
sesseth,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  according 
to  his  ability." 

What  is  meant  by  giving  alms  ? 

Giving  money,  food,  or  clothing  to  those  who  need. 

Prove  that  this  is  our  duty. 

ITim.  vi.  18.  •  '       .        • 


Article  XXXIX,. 


'.       -/-:• 


What  is  the  subject  of  the  thirty-ninth  Article  In, 
"  A  Christian  Man's  Oath."  ■  •  ^-^■^' ^-'^  ■■' 

What  kind  of  swearing  is  "forbidden  Christian 
men?"  ,    .„   ;  ....  ,^,,  =r.^v^%*^ 

■  "  Vain  and  rash  Swearing."   '/''>^  /^brnt  '^r^'^ii  MB 
By  whom  is  it  forbidden  ?  '    '  ^'■Jim^\'^hui 

10 


m' 


■:i. 


rt 


110 


CATECHISM    ON    THE   ARTICLES. 


St.  Matt.  V.  34 ;  St.  James  v.  12.  "  By  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  and  James  His  Apostle." 

Under  what  circumstances  "  doth  not  Christian 
Religion  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear  1" 

"When  the  magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of 
faith  and  charity."  • 

What  do  you  understand  by  the  expression,  "  when 
the  Magistrate  requireth  ?" 

When  we  are  required  so  to  do  by  any  ' 
authority  of  the  civil  ruler,  or  administrate "     '  - i.: 
laws. 

Prove  that  it  is  lawful  to  take  an  oath  when  re- 
quired by  the  magistrate. 

St.  Matt,  xxvi.  63,  64.  Our  Lord  Himself  an- 
swered  on  oath  to  the  chief-priest,  who  was  in  that 
case  a  lawful  magistrate. 

What  do  you  understand  by  "  a  cause  of  faith  and 
charity?"  . 

A  cause  in  which  faith  between  man  and  man,  and 
charity  towards  those  who  might  otherwise  suffer 
wrong,  require  that  we  should  give  a  solemn  testi- 
mony before  the  magistrate.       : 

What  caution  must  we  use  in  giving  our  testimony 
upon  oath?    - 

To  do  it  "  in  justice,  judgment,  and  truth." 

What  prophet  gives  this  direction  ? 

Jeremiah  says,  (ch.  iv.  2,)  "  And  thou  shalt  swear, 
The  Lord  liveth,  in  truth,  in  righteousness,  and  in 
judgment."  :  >    i  / 


W 
Be 

lawfu 

On 

Bi 

H( 

Th 

S  oaths 

"  swea 

H( 

the  J 

Tl 

sage 

satio: 


.-  .i-' 


3. 

By  our  Lord 

ot  Christian 
wear  ?" 

a  cause  of 
jsion,  "wlien  S 

.      i 

'  any  • 

rate    .  '    u.:    m 

ith  when  re- 

Flimself  an- 
was  in  that 


ARTICLE   XXXIX, 


111 


Why  was  this  Article  necessary  ? 

Because  some  persons  have  declared  all  oaths  un- 
lawful. 

On  what  ground  ? 

Because  our  Lord  has  said,  "  Swear  not  at  all." 

How  must  we  understand  this  passage  ? 

The  context  shows  that  Christ  is  speaking  only  of 
oaths  in  common  conversation,  or  vain  and  rash 
swearing,  and  not  of  oaths  taken  before  a  magistrate. 

How  is  this  confirmed  by  the  known  customs  of 
the  Jews  ?  ,,. 

The  oaths  which  our  Lord  mentions  in  that  pas- 
sage are  such  as  were  used  only  in  common  conver- 
sation. .  '  .     -      ^  . 


•I 


■%.  .r 


of  faith  and 

id  man,  and 
•wise  suffer 
>lemn  testi- 

[*  testimony 

b."    . 

halt  swear, 
ss,  and  in 


1  .  > 


tt 


-,*-*,  ^ 


;,  uvi:»iiifi>j^^*..i 


^■^i--.   j'-:.^.-t.lUi  t.-,:^-^^^ 


APPENDIX   I. 


•     AETICLES 

A6BEBD   UPON   BY   THE  AUCHBlSnOPS  AND  BISHOPS  OF  BOTH  PROVINCES, 

AND  TlIK  WHOLE  CLERGY. 

In  the  Convocation  holden  at  Lohflon  in  the  Year  1562, /or  the  avoiding  of  Diver- 
sities of  Opinions,  and  for  t?ie  cst<:hlishing  of  Consent  touching  true  Religion: 
Reprinted  by  His  Majesty's  Commandment,  with  His  Royal  Declaration  pr^ixed 

.  thereunto.  ,  ,  ^  .       .   • 

.    .,  .  JQ^fs  ^afestg^s  3ieclat;at(on.  •     ' 

Being  by  God's  Ordinance,  according  to  Our  just  Title,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  and  Supreme  Governour  of  the  Church, 
ioithin  these  Our  Dominions,  We  hold  it  most  agi'eeable  to 
this  Our  Kingly  Office,  and  Our  owii  religious  Zeal,  to  conseiTe 
and  maintain  the  Church  committed  to  Oui*  Charge,  in  Unity  of 
true  Religion,  and  in  the  Bond  of  Peace ;  and  not  to  suffer  un- 
necessary Disputations,  Altercations,  or  Questions  to  be  raised, 
which  may  nourish  Faction  both  in  the  Chui'ch  and  Common- 
wealth. W^  have  therefore,  upon  mature  Deliberation,  and 
with  the  Advice  of  so  many  of  Oui*  Bishops  as  might  conveniently 
be  called  together,  thought  fit  to  malvc  this  Declaration  follow- 
ing;    -  '        •  .     •  , 

That  the  Aiticles  of  the  Chui'ch  of  England  (which  have  been 
allowed  and  authorized  heretofore,  and  which  Oui'  Clergy  gener- 
ally have  subscribed  unto)  do  contain  the  true  Doctrine  of  the 
Church  of  JEM^/awc?agi-eeable  to  God's  Word:  which  We  do  there- 
fore ratify  and  confirm,  requiring  all  Our  loving  Subjects  to  con- 
tinue in  the  uniform  Profession  thereof,  and  prohibiting  the  1  east 
difference  from  the  said  Articles,  which  to  that  End  We  command 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


113 


OTH  PK0VINCB3, 


avoiding  of  Diver- 
ing  true  Religion ; 
xlaration  prefixed 


just  Title,  De- 
^  the  Church, 
agi-eeable  to 
il,  to  consei*ve 
e,  in  Unity  of 
;  to  suffer  un- 
to be  raised, 
md  Common- 
iberation,  and 
t  conveniently 
ration  follow- 

ich  have  been 
Clergy  gener- 
ctrine  of  the 
We  do  there- 
bjects  to  con- 
ing the  least 
^e  command 


to  be  new  piinted,  and  tins  Our  Declai-ation  to  be  published 
therewith.  ^ 

That  We  are  Supreme  Govcmour  of  the  Church  of  England: 
And,  that  if  any  Difference  ai'ise  about  the  external  Policy,  con- 
cerning the  Injunctions^  Canontty  and  other  Constitutions  what- 
soever thereto  belonging,  the  Clergy  in  theu'  Convocation  is  to 
order  and  settle  them,  having  first  obtained  leave  under  Om' 
Broad  Seal  so  to  do:  and  We  approving  their  said  Ordinances 
and  Constitutions ;  providing  that  none  be  made  contrary  to  the 
Laws  and  Customs  of  the  Land.  '  '  ■■-     • 

THtt  out  of  Our  Princely  Care  that  the  Churchmen  may  do 
the  Work  which  is  proper  unto  tliem,  the  Bishops  and  Clergy, 
from  time  to  time  in  Convocation,  upon  their  humble  Desire, 
shall  have  Licence  under  Om*  Broad  Seal  to  deliberate  of,  and  to 
do  all  such  Things,  as,  being  made  plain  by  them,  and  assented 
unto  by  Us,  shall  concern  the  settled  Continuance  of  the  Doc- 
ti'ine  and  Discipline  of  the  Church  of  England,  now  established ; 
fi'om  wliich  We  will  not  endm-e  any  varying  or  departing  in  the 
least  Degree.  -     '"'  ■ 

That  for  the  present,  though  some  differences  have  been  iU 
raised,  yet  We  take  comfort  in  this,  that  all  Clergymen  within 
Our  Realm  ha^'e  always  most  willingly  subscribed  to  the  Arti- 
cles established,  which  is  an  argument  to  Us,  that  they  all  agree 
in  tlie  true,  usual,  literal  meaning  of  the  said  Articles ;  and  that 
even  in  those  cmious  points,  in  which  the  present  differences  lie, 
men  of  all  sorts  take  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England  to 
be  for  them ;  wliich  is  an  argument  again,  that  none  of  them  in- 
tend any  desertion  fi-om  the  Articles  established.       ••     '"'"*• 

That  therefore  in  these  both  curious  and  unhappy  differences, 
which  have  for  so  many  himdred  years,  in  different  times  and 
places,  exercised  the  Chm'ch  of  Christ,  We  will,  that  all  fui-ther 
curious  search  be  laid  aside,  and  these  disputes  shut  up  in  God's 
promises,  as  they  be  generally  set  forth  to  us  in  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tui'es,  and  the  general  meaning  of  the  Articles  of  the  Chm'ch  of 

10* 


m 

i:  h 


I   * 

?     'I 

■  ■    if 
'I  I? 


)    I 


if« 


:^l 


H 


>^,»i 


'    a 


rls 


114 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


Enffland  according  to  them.  And  that  no  man  hereafter  shall 
either  print,  or  prcacli,  to  draw  the  Article  aside  any  way,  but 
sliall  submit  to  it  in  the  f)hiia  and  full  meaning  thereof:  and 
shall  not  put  his  o^vn  sense  or  comment  to  the  meaning  of  the 
Article,  but  shall  take  it  in  the  literal  and  gi-ammatical  sense. 

That  if  any  publlck  Reader  in  either  of  Our  Universities,  or  any 
Head  or  Mjister  of  a  College,  or  any  other  person  respectively 
in  either  of  them,  shall  affix  any  new  sense  to  any  Article,  or 
shall  publickly  read,  determine,  or  hold  any  ])ublick  Disputation, 
or  suffer  any  such  to  be  held  cither  way,  in  either  the  Universities 
or  Colleges  respectively ;  or  if  any  Divine  in  the  Universities 
shall  preach  or  print  any  thing  cither  way,  other  than  is  already 
established  in  Convocation  with  Oiu*  Royal  Assent ;  he,  or  they 
the  Offenders,  shall  be  liable  to  Our  displeasure,  and  the  Church's 
censure  in  Gur  Conmiission  Ecclesiastical,  as  well  as  any  other ; 
And  Wc  will  see  there  shall  be  due  Execution  upon  them. 


ARTICLES  OF  RELIGION. 
I.  Of  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity. 

There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting, 
without  body,  parts,  or  passions ;  of  infinite  power, 
wisdom,  and  goodness ;  the  Maker,  and  Preserver  of 
all  things  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in  unity 
of  this  Godhead  there  be  three  Persons,  of  one  sub- 
stance, power,  and  eternity  ;  the  Father,  the  Son,  and 
the  Holy  Ghost. 

II.  Of  the  Word  or  Son  of  Godf  which  was  made  very  Man. 
The  Son,  which  is  the  Word  of  the  Father,  be- 
gotten from  everlasting  of  the  Father,  the  very  and 
eternal  God,  and  of  one  substance  with  the  Father, 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


115 


hereafter  shall 
0  any  way,  but 
»g  thereof:  and 
meaning  of  the 
fiatical  sense. 

versities,  or  any 
)n  respectively 

any  Article,  or 
ck  Disputation, 
;he  Universities 
le  Universities 
htin  is  already 
it ;  he,  or  they 
k1  the  Church's 

as  any  other ; 
)on  them. 


everlasting, 
iiite  power, 
reserver  of 
id  iu  unity 
of  one  sub- 
10  Son,  and 

0  very  Man. 
father,  be- 
3  very  and 
le  Father, 


took  Man's  nature  in  the  womb  of  the  l)lcsscd  Virgin, 
of  her  substance  :  so  that  two  whole  and  peifect  Na- 
tures, that  is  to  say,  the  Godhead  and  Manhood,  were 
joined  together  in  one  Person,  never  to  be  divided, 
whereof  is  one  Christ,  very  God,  and  very  Man  ;  who 
truly  suffered,  was  crucified,  dead  and  buried,  to 
reconcile  his  Father  to  us,  and  to  be  a  sacrifice,  not 
only  for  original  guilt,  but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men. 

III.   Of  the  going  doicn  of  Christ  into  Hell.        .., 

As  Christ  died  for  us,  and  was  buried ;  so  also  is 
it  to  be  believed,  that  he  went  down  into  Hell. 


'  ;T'«-  '. 


•«      .V 


-I, 


IV.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ 

Christ  did  truly  rise  again  from  death,  and  took 
again  his  body,  with  flesh,  bones,  and  all  things  ap- 
pertaining to  the  perfection  of  Man's  nature  ;  where- 
with he  ascended  into  Heaven,  and  there  sitteth,  until 
he  return  to  judge  all  Men  at  the  last  day.       "    • "' 


I  . » 


■4  «  ?< 


Y,   Of  the  Holy  Ghost.      ■       '..  ^  -   . 

The  Holy  Ghost,  proceeding  from  the  Father  and 
the  Son,  is  of  one  substance,  majesty,  and  glory,  with 
the  Father  and  the  Son,  very  and  eternal  God. .     ., 

VI.    Of  the  Sufficiency  of  the  holy  Scriptures  for  sal- 
vation. ♦  -.. 

Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to 
salvation :  so  that  whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor 
may  be  proved  thereby,  is  not  to  be  required  of  any 


'■$■ 

1    i;' 

•:;|fl 


*/■■ 


1 


116 


ARTICLES   OF   KELIQION. 


man,  that  it  should  be  believed  as  an  article  of  tho 
Faith,  or  be  thought  requisite  or  necessary  to  sal- 
vation. In  the  name  of  tho  holy  Scripture  we  do 
understand  those  canonical  Books  of  tho  Old  and  Nev^ 
Testament,  of  whose  authority  was  never  any  doubt 
in  the  Church. 


Of  the  Names  and  Number  of  the  Canonical  Books. 

Genesis^  Exodm^  Leviticus^  Numbers^  Deuteronomy^ 
Joshua^  Judges^  Ruth,  The  First  Book  of  Samuel, 
The  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  The  First  Book  of  Kings, 
The  Second  Book  of  Kings,  The  First  Book  of  Chroni- 
cles, The  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  The  First  Booh 
of  Esdras,  The  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Book  of 
Esther,  The  Book  of  Job,  The  Psalms,  The  Proverbs, 
Ecclesiastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,  or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
Four  Prophets  the  greater.  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

And  the  other  Books  (as  Hierome  saith)  the  Church 
doth  read  for  example  of  life  and  instruction  of  man- 
ners ;  but  yet  doth  it  not  apply  them  to  establish 
any  doctrine ;  such  are  these  following :         . 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Fourth  Book  of 
Esdras,  The  Book  of  Tobias,  The  Book  of  Judith,  The 
rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  The  Book  of  Wisdom,  Jesus 
the  So?i  of  Swach,  Baruch  the  Prophet,  The  Song  of 
the  Three  Children,  The  Story  of  Susanna,  Of  Belaud 
the  Dragon,  The  Prayer  of  Manasses,  The  First  Book 
of  Maccabees,  The  Second  Book  of  Maccabees. 

All  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  as  they  are 


ticlo  of  tho 
mry  to  sal- 
ture  wo  do 
Id  and  New 
any  doubt 

UL  Books. 

mteronomy^ 

of  Samuel^ 

»^  of  Kings^ 

'  of  Clironi- 

First  Booh 

lie  Book  of 

he  Proverbs, 

of  Solomon, 

s  the  less, 

the  Church 

ion  of  man- 

;o  establish 

i 

th  Book  of 
Tudith,  The 
sdom,  Jesus 
he  Song  of 
Of  Bel  and 
First  Book 
es. 
ts  they  are 


ARTICLES   OF    HELIOION. 


117 


commonly  received,  we  do  receive,  an'^  account  them 
Canonical.  ^ 

VII.  Of  the  Old  Testament,         ,      ■*'    . 

Tho  Old  Testament  is  not  contrary  to  the  New : 
for  both  in  tho  Old  and  New  Testament  everlasting 
life  is  ofTcred  to  Mankind  by  Christ,  who  is  the  only 
Mediator  between  God  and  Man,  being  both  God  and 
Man.  Wherefore  they  arc  not  to  bo  heard,  which 
feign  that  the  old  Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory 
promises.  Although  the  Law  given  from  God  by 
Moses,  as  touching  Ceremonies  and  Rites,  do  not  bind 
Christian  men,  nor  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  of 
necessity  to  be  received  in  any  commonwealth ;  yet 
notwithstanding,  no  Christian  man  whatsoever  is  free 
from  tho  obedience  of  tho  Commandments  which  are 
called  Moral. 

VIII.  Of  the  Three  Creeds, 

The  Three  Creeds,  Nicene  Creed,  Athanasius'* s 
Creed,  and  that  which  is  commonly  called  the  Apos- 
tles* Creed,  ought  thoroughly  to  be  received  and  be- 
lieved; for  they  may  be  proved  by  most  certain 
warrants  of  hoi j^cripture.  ,.       ,. 

V"  ■.^  -  •    .  •    ' 

IX.  Of  Original  or  Birth-sin. 

Original  Sin  standeth  not  in  the  following  of  Adam, 
(as  the  Pelagians  do  vainly  talk;)  but  it  is  the 
fault  and  corruption  of  the  Nature  of  every  man,  that 


H 


(^ 


I  .I- 


m 


% 


^.. 


118 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


naturally  is  engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Adam; 
whereby  man  is  very  far  gone  from  original  right- 
eousness, and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil,  so 
that  the  flesh  lusteth  always  contrary  to  the  spirit ; 
and  therefore  in  every  person  born  into  this  world, 
it  deserveth  God's  wrath  and  damnation.  And  this 
infection  of  nature  doth  remain,  yea  in  them  that  are 
regenerated ;  whereby  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  called  in 
the  Greek,  (ppovr^fjia  oapKog,  (which  some  do  expound 
the  wisdom,  some  sensuality,  some  the  affection,  some 
the  desire,  of  the  flesh,)  is  not  subject  to  the  Law  of 
God.  And  although  there  is  no  condemnation  for  them 
that  believe  and  are  baptized,  yet  the  Apostle  doth 
confess,  that  concupiscence  and  lust  hatb.  of  itself 
the  nature  of  sin. 


X.  Of  Free- Will 

The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  Adam  is 
such,  that  he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  himself,  by  his 
own  natural  strength  and  good  works,  to  faith,  and 
calling  upon  God :  Wherefore  we  have  no  power  to 
do  good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable  to  God,  with- 
out the  grace  of  God  by  Christ  preventing  us,  that 
we  may  have  a  good  will,  and  working  with  us,  when 
we  have  that  good  will. 

XI.  Of  the  Justification  of  Man. 

We  are  accounted  righteous  before  God,  only 
for  the  merit  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ 


ARTICLES   OF  RELIGION. 


119 


of  Adam; 
ginal  right- 
i  to  evil,  so 

the  spirit; 
•  this  world, 
.  And  this 
em  that  are 
ih,  called  in 
do  expound 
action,  some 

the  Law  of 
ion  for  them 
Lpostle  doth 
,tb.  of  itself 


)f  Adam  is 
self,  by  his 
3  faith,  and 
10  power  to 
God,  with- 
ing  us,  that 
th  us,  when 


by  Faith,  and  not  for  our  own  works  or  deservings  : 
Wherefore,  that  we  are  justified  by  Faith  only  is  a 
most  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  very  full  of  comfort, 
as  more  largely  is  expressed  in  the  Homily  of  Justi- 
fication.   .  ~ 

XII.  Of  Good  Works.  ,       ;  r 

Albeit  that  Good  Works,  which  are  the  fruits  of 
Faith,  and  follow  after  Justification,  cannot  put  away 
our  sins,  and  endure  the  severity  of  God's  Judgment ; 
yet  are  they  pleasing  and  acceptable  to  God  in  Christ, 
and  do  spring  out  necessarily  of  a  true  and  lively 
Faith;  insomuch  that  by  them  a  lively  Faith  may  be 
as  evidently  known  as  a  tree  discerned  by  the  fruit. 

XIII.  Of  Works  before  Justification.  * 

Works  done  before  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the 
Inspiration  of  his  Spirit,  are  not  pleasant  to  God,  foras- 
much as  they  spring  not  of  faith  in  Jesus  Christ, 
neither  do  they  make  men  meet  to  receive  grace,  or 
(as  the  School-authors  say)  deserve  grace  of  con- 
gruity:  yea  rather,  for  that  they  are  not  done  as 
God  hath  willed  and  commanded  them  to  be  done, 
we  doubt  not  but  they  have  the  nature  of  sin. 


V 


|le 


1 


God,  only 
esus  Christ 


XIV.  Of  Works  of  Supererogation. 

Voluntary  Works  besides,  over  and  above,  God's 
Commandments,  which  they  call  Works  of  Superero- 


m 


# 


120 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


gation,  cannot  be  taught  without  arrogancy  and  im- 
piety ;  for  by  them  men  do  declare,  that  they  do  not 
only  render  unto  God  as  much  as  they  are  bound  to 
do,  but  that  they  do  more  for  his  sake,  than  of  bounden 
duty  is  required :  whereas  Christ  saith  plainly,  When 
ye  have  done  all  that  are  commanded  to  you,  say, 
We  are  unprofitable  servants. 

^  XV.  Of  Christ  alone  without  Sin,     ;       '■'■ , 

Christ  in  the  truth  of  our  nature  was  made  like 
unto  us  in  all  things,  sin  only  except,  from  which  he 
was  clearly  void,  both  in  his  flesh,  and  in  his  spirit. 
He  came  to  be  the  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by 
sacrifice  of  himself  once  made,  should  take  away  the 
sins  of  the  world,  and  sin,  as  Saint  John  saith,  was 
not  in  him.  But  all  we  the  rest,  although  baptized, 
and  born  again  in  Christ,  yet  offend  in  many  things ; 
and  if  we  say  we  have  no  sin,  we  deceive  ourselves, 
and  the  truth  is  not  in  us. 


i     -.'.r      XVI.  Of  Sin  after  Baptism.    . 

Not  every  deadly  sin  willingly  committed  after 
Baptism  is  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  unpar- 
donable. Wherefore  the  grant  of  repentance  is  not 
to  be  denied  to  such  as  fall  into  sin  after  Baptism. 
After  we  have  received  the  Holy  Ghost,  we  may  de- 
part from  grace  given,  and  fall  into  sin,  and  by  the 
grace  of  God  we  may  arise  again,  and  amend  om* 


.-^. 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


121 


icy  and  iin- 
they  do  not 
re  bound  to 
1  of  bounden 
ajnly,  When 
to  you,  say, 


s  made  like 
m  which  he 
in  his  spirit, 
ot,  who,  by 
ke  away  the 
n  saith,  was 
yh  baptized, 
lany  things ; 
e  ourselves, 


nitted  after 
and  unpar- 
tance  is  not 
er  Baptism. 
we  may  de- 
and  by  the 
amend  om* 


lives.  And  therefore  they  arc  to  be  condemned, 
which  say,  they  can  no  more  sin  as  long  as  they  live 
here,  or  deny  the  place  of  forgiveness  to  such  as 
truly  repent. 

XVII.  Of  Predestination  and  Election. 

Predestination  to  Life  is  the  everlasting  purpose 
of  God,  whereby  (before  the  foundations  of  the 
world  wxre  laid)  he  hath  constantly  decreed  by  h's 
counsel  secret  to  us,  to  deliver  from  curse  and  dam- 
nation those  whom  he  hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of 
mankind,  and  to  bring  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting 
salvation,  as  vessels  made  to  honour.  Wherefore, 
they  which  be  endued  with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of 
God  be  called  according  to  God's  purpose  by  his 
Spirit  working  in  due  season :  they  through  Grace 
obey  the  calling ;  they  be  justified  freely :  they  be 
made  sons  of  God  by  adoption :  they  be  made  like 
the  image  of  his  only-begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ :  they 
walk  religiously  in  good  works,  and  at  length,  by 
God's  mercy,  they  attain  to  everlasting  felicity. 

As  the  godly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and 
our  election  in  Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and 
unspeakable  comfort  to  godly  persons,  and  such  as 
feel  in  themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ, 
mortifying  the  works  of  the  flesh,  and  their  earthly 
members,  and  drawing  up  their  mind  to  high  and 
heavenly  things,  as  well  because  it  doth  greatly  es- 
tablish and  confirm  their  flilth  of  eternal  Salvation 

11 


tr 


,1  \ 


I K 


S   '!; 


m 


122 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


to  be  enjoyed  through  Christ,  as  because  it  doth  fer- 
vently kindle  their  love  towards  God  :  So,  for  curious 
and  carnal  persons,  lacking  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  to 
have  continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of 
God's  Predestination,  is  a  most  dangerous  downfill, 
whereby  the  Devil  doth  thrust  them  either  into  des- 
peration, or  into  wretchlessness  of  most  unclean  liv- 
ing, no  less  perilous  than  desperation. 

Furthermore,  we  must  receive  God's  jDromises  in 
such  wise,  as  they  be  generally  set  forth  to  us  in  holy 
Scripture  :  and,  in  our  doings,  that  Will  of  God  is  to 
be  followed,  which  we  have  expressly  declared  unto 
us  in  the  Word  of  God. 


XVIII.   Of  ohtaining  eternal  Salvation  only  hy  the  Name 

of  Christ, 

They  also  are  to  be  had  accursed  that  presume  to 
say,  That  every  man  shall  be  saved  by  the  Law  or 
Sect  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he  be  diligent  to 
frame  his  life  according  to  that  Law,  and  the  light 
of  Nature.  For  holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us 
only  the  Name  of  Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must 
be  saved. 


XIX.  Of  the  Church, 

The  visible  Church  of  Christ  is  a  congregation  of 
faithful  men,  in  the  which  the  pure  Word  of  God  is 
preached,  and  the  Sacraments  be  duly  ministered 


it  doth  fer- 
),  for  curious 
)f  Christ,  to 
sentence  of 
us  downflill, 
icr  into  des- 
unclean  liv- 

l^romises  in 
;o  us  in  holy 
of  God  is  to 
Bclared  unto 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION, 


123 


hy  the  Name 

:  presume  to 
the  Law  or 
3  diligent  to 
nd  the  light 
out  unto  us 
y  men  must 


jregation  of 

d  of  God  is 

ministered 


according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in  all  those  things 
that  of  necessity  are  requisite  to  the  same. 

As  the  Church  of  Jerusalem^  Alexandria^  and  An- 
tioch,  have  erred ;  so  also  the  Church  of  Botne  hath 
erred,  not  only  in  their  living  and  manner  of  Cere- 
monies,  but  also  in  matters  of  Faith. 

XX.  Of  tlie  Antliority  of  the  Church. 

The  Church  hath  power  to  decree  Rites  or  Cere- 
monies, and  authority  in  Controversies  of  Faith  : 
And  yet  it  is  not  lawful  for  the  Church  to  ordain 
any  thing  that  is  contrary  to  God's  Word  written, 
neither  may  it  so  expound  one  place  of  Scripture, 
that  it  be  repugnant  to  another.  Wherefore,  although 
the  Church  be  a  witness  and  a  keeper  of  Holy  Writ, 
yet,  as  it  ought  not  to  decree  any  thing  against  the 
same,  so  besides  the  same  ought  it  not  to  enforce  any 
thing  to  be  believed  for  necessity  of  Salvation. 

XXI.  Of  the  Authority  of  General  Councils, 

General  Councils  may  not  be  gathered  together 
without  the  commandment  and  will  of  Princes.  And 
when  they  be  gathered  together,  (forasmuch  as  they 
be  an  assembly  of  men,  whereof  all  be  not  governed 
with  the  Spirit  and  Word  of  God,)  they  may  err,  and 
sometimes  have  erred,  even  in  things  pertaining  unto 
God.  Wherefore  things  ordained  by  them  as  neces- 
sary to  salvation  have  neither  strength  nor  authority, 
unless  it  may  be  declared  that  they  be  taken  out  of 
holy  Scripture. 


I, 


'Is*! 


il 


'" 


124 


ARTICLES    OP   RELIGION. 


XXII.  Of  Purgatory. 

The  Komish  doctrine  concerning  Purgatory,  Par- 
dons, Worshipping  and  Adoration,  as  well  of  Images 
as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invocation  of  Saints,  is  a  fond 
thing  vainly  invented,  and  grounded  upon  no  war- 
ranty of  Scripture,  but  rather  repugnant  to  the  Word 
of  God. 

XXIII.   Of  Ministering  in  the  Congregation. 

It  is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him  the 
office  of  publick  preaching,  or  ministering  the  Sacra- 
ments in  the  Congregation,  before  he  be  lawfully 
called,  and  sent  to  execute  the  same.  And  those  we 
ought  to  judge  lawfully  called  and  sent,  which  be 
chosen  and  called  to  this  work  by  men  who  have  pub- 
lick  authority  given  unto  them  in  the  Congregation,  to 
call  and  send  Ministers  into  the  Lord's  vineyard. 

XXIV.    Of  Speahing   in   the    Congregation   in   such  a 
tongue  as  the  peojile  imderstandeth. 

It  is  a  thing  plainly  repugnant  f>  tne  Word  of 
God,  and  the  custom  of  the  Primitive  Church,  to  have 
publick  Prayer  in  the  Church,  or  to  minister  the  Sac- 
raments, in  a  tongue  not  understanded  of  the  people. 


XXV.  Of  the  Sacraments. 

Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  be  not  only  badges 
or  tokens  of  Christian  men's  profession,  but  rather 


ARTICLES    OP    RELIGION. 


125 


•atory,  Par- 
1  of  Images 
s,  is  a  fond 
)ii  no  war- 
>  the  Word 


ation, 

on  him  the 
the  Sacra- 
)e  lawfully 
d  those  we 
which  be 
)  have  pub- 
regation,  to 
Lcyard. 

in   such  a 

Word  of 
3h,  to  have 
5r  the  Sac- 
le  people. 


ly  badges 
)ut  rather 


they  be  certain  sure  witnesses,  and  effectual  signs  of 
grace,  and  God's  good  will  towards  us,  by  the  which 
he  doth  work  invisibly  in  us,  and  doth  not  only 
quicken,  but  also  strengthen  and  confirm  our  Faith 
in  him. 

There  are  two  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  our 
Lord  in  the  Gospel,  that  is  to  say.  Baptism,  and  the 
Supper  of  the  Lord. 

Those  five  commonly  called  Sacraments,  that  is  to 
say.  Confirmation,  Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and 
Extreme  Unction,  are  not  to  be  counted  for  Sacra- 
ments of  the  Gospel,  being  such  as  have  grown  partly 
of  the  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles,  partly  are 
states  of  life  allowed  in  the  Scriptures ;  but  yet  have 
not  like  nature  of  Sacraments  with  Baptism,  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  for  that  they  have  not  any  visible 
sign  or  ceremony  ordained  of  God. 

The  Sacraments  were  not  ordained  of  Christ  to  be 
gazed  upon,  or  to  be  carried  about,  but  that  we  should 
duly  use  them.  And  in  such  only  as  worthily  re- 
ceive the  same,  they  have  a  wholesome  effect  or 
operation :  but  they  that  receive  them  unworthily, 
purchase  to  themselves  damnation,  as  Saint  Paul 
saith.  .  >   '  ; 

XXVI.   Of  the  Unworthiness  of  the  Ministers,  ichich  hin- 
ders not  the  effect  of  the  Sacraments, 

Although  in  the  visible  Church  the  evil  be  ever 
mingled  with  the  good,  and  sometimes  the  evil  have 

11* 


iM 


126 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


chief  authority  in  the  Ministration  of  the  Word  and 
Sacraments,  yet  forasmuch  as  they  do  not  the  same 
m  their  own  name,  but  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister 
by  his  commission  and  authority,  we  may  use  their 
Ministry,  both  in  hearing  the  Word  of  God,  and  in 
receiving  the  Sacraments.  Neither  is  the  effect  of 
Christ's  ordinance  taken  away  by  their  wickedness, 
nor  the  grace  of  God's  gifts  diminished  from  such  as 
by  faith  and  rightly  do  receive  the  Sacraments  min- 
istered  unto  them ;  which  be  effectual,  because  of 
Christ's  institution  and  promise,  although  they  be 
ministered  by  evil  men. 

Nevertheless,  it  appertaineth  to  the  discipline  of 
the  Church,  that  inquiry  be  made  of  evil  Ministers, 
and  that  they  be  accused  by  those  that  have  knowl- 
edge of  their  offences ;  and  finally  being  found 
guilty,  by  just  judgment  be  deposed. 

XXVII.  Of  Baptism, 

Baptism  is  not  only  a  sign  of  profession,  and  mark 
of  difference,  whereby  Christian  men  are  discerned 
from  others  that  be  not  christened,  but  it  is  also  a 
sign  of  Regeneration  or  new  Birth,  whereby,  as  by  an 
instrument,  they  that  receive  Baptism  rightly  are 
grafted  into  the  Church ;  the  promises  of  the  for- 
giveness of  sin,  and  of  our  adoption  to  be  the  sons  of 
God  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly  signed  and  sealed ; 
Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue 
of  prayer  unto  God.     The  Baptism  of  young  Children 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


127 


Word  and 
t  the  same 
o  minister 
use  their 
Sod,  and  in 
e  effect  of 
v^ickcdness, 
)m  such  as 
nents  min- 
lecause  of 
they  be 

scipline  of 

Ministers, 

ave  knowl- 

;ing  found 


and  mark 
discerned 
t  is  also  a 
r,  as  by  an 
ightly  are 
3f  the  for- 
lie  sons  of 
nd  sealed ; 
by  virtue 
g  Children 


is  in  any  wise  to  be  retained  in 
agreeable  with  the  institution  of 


the  Church, 
Christ.    ' 


as  most 


:!• 


XXVllLOftheLor(rsSiq72}er, 

The  Supper  of  the  Lord  is  not  only  a  sign  of  tho 
love  that  Christians  ought  to  have  among  themselves 
one  to  another ;  but  rather  it  is  a  Sacrament  of  our 
Redemption  by  Christ's  death :  insomuch  that  to  such 
as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  receive  the  same, 
the  Bread  which  we  break  is  a  partaking  of  the  Body 
of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup  of  Blessing  is  a  par- 
taking of  the  Blood  of  Christ. 

Transubstantiation  (or  the  change  of  the  substance 
of  Bread  and  Wine)  in  the  Supper  of  the  Lord,  can- 
not be  proved  by  holy  Writ;  but  is  repugnant  to 
the  plam  words  of  Scripture,  overthroweth  the  nature 
of  a  Sacrament,  and  hath  given  occasion  to  many 
superstitions. 

The  Body  of  Christ  is  given,  taken,  and  eaten,  in 
the  Supper,  only  after  an  heavenly  and  spiritual  man- 
ner. And  the  mean  whereby  the  Body  of  Christ  is 
received  and  eaten  in  the  Supper,  is  Faith.  - 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by 
Christ's  ordinance  reserved,  carried  about,  lifted  up, 
or  worshipped.  .*   ,         . 

XXIX.    Of  the   Wicked  ichich  eat  not  the  Body  of 
Christ  in  the  use  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

The  Wicked,  and  such  as  be  void  of  a  lively 
faith,  although  they  do  carnally  and  visibly  press 


*; 

?'-i 


111 


128 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


with  their  teeth  (as  Saint  Auf/ustlne  saith)  the  Sacra- 
ment of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ,  yet  in  no 
wise  are  they  partakers  of  Christ :  but  rather,  to  their 
condemnation,  do  eat  and  drink  the  sign  or  Sacra- 
ment of  so  great  a  thing. 

■      XXX.  Of  both  Kinds. 

The  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to  the 
Lay-people  :  for  both  the  parts  of  the  Lord's  Sacra- 
ment, by  Christ's  c"dinance  and  commandment, 
ought  to  be  ministered  to  all  vJhristian  men  alike. 

XXXI.    Of  the  one    Oblation  of  Christ  finished  upon 

the  Cross. 

The  Offering  of  Christ  once  made  is  that  perfect 
redemption,  propitiation,  and  satisfaction,  for  all  the 
sins  of  the  whole  world,  both  original  and  actual ;  and 
there  is  none  other  satisfliction  for  sin,  but  that  alone. 
Wherefore  the  sacrifices  of  ]\Iasscs,  in  the  which  it 
was  commonly  said,  that  the  Priest  did  offer  Christ 
for  the  quick  and  the  dead,  to  have  remission  of 
pain  or  guilt,  were  blasphemous  fables,  and  danger- 
ous deceits.         f 


XXXII.  Of  the  Marriage  of  Priests. 

Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons,  are  not  commanded 
by  God's  Law,  either  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life, 
or  to  abstain  from  marriage :  therefore  it  is  lawful 
for  them,  as  for  all  other  Christian  men,  to  marry  at 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


129 


the  Sacra- 
yet  in  no 
3r,  to  their 
or  Sacra- 


their  own  discretion,  as  they  shall  judge  the  same  to 


icd  to  the 
d's  Sacra- 
landment, 
alike. 

'shed  Hj)on 

lat  j^erfect 
for  all  the 
2tual ;  and 
that  alone, 
e  which  it 
►flfcr  Christ 
nission  of 
id  danger- 


)mmanded 
single  life, 
t  is  lawful 
:>  marry  at 


serve  better  to  godliness. 


XXXIII.  Of  excommunicate  Persons,  how  they  are  to  he 
i  avoided, 

1  That  person  which  by  open  denunciation  of  the 
Church  is  rightly  cut  off  from  the  unity  of  the  Church, 
and  excommunicated,  ought  to  be  taken  of  the  whole 
multitude  of  the  faithful,  as  an  Heathen  and  Publi- 
can, until  he  be  openly  reconciled  by  penance,  and 
received  into  the  Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  au- 
thority thereunto. 


XXXIV.  Of  the  Traditions  of  the  Church, 

It  is  not  necessary  that  Traditions  and  Ceremonies 
be  in  all  places  one,  and  utterly  like ;  for  at  all  times 
they  have  been  divers,  and  may  be  changed  accord- 
ing to  the  diversity  of  countries,  times,  and  men's 
manners,  so  that  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's 
Word.  Whosoever  through  his  private  judgment, 
willingly  and  purposely,  doth  openly  break  the  Tra- 
ditions and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church,  which  be  not 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  be  ordained  and 
approved  by  common  authority,  ought  to  be  rebuked 
openly,  (that  others  may  fear  to  do  the  like,)  as  he 
that  offend eth  against  the  common  order  of  the 
Church,  and  hurteth  the  authority  of  the  Magistrate, 
and  woundeth  the  consciences  of  the  weak  brethren. 

Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  authority 


:-Ai^„ 


r^i- 


w'. 


i-*'"''J 


"^1 


1  '~ 


111 


«:.  (l  ..o.ia.jl.ij  1.^ J  ^  u, 


130 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


to  ordain,  change,  and  abolisli,  ceremonies  or  rites 
of  tho  Church  ordained  only  by  man's  authority,  so 
that  all  things  be  done  to  edifying. 

XXXV.   0/ the  Homilies. 

TliG  second  Book  of  Homilies,  the  several  titles 
whereof  \vc  have  joined  under  this  Article,  doth  con- 
tain a  godly  and  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  necessary 
for  these  times,  as  doth  the  former  Book  of  Homilies, 
which  were  set  forth  m  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth ; 
and  therefore  we  judge  them  to  be  read  in  Churches 
by  the  Ministers,  diligently  and  distinctly,  that  they 
may  be  understanded  of  the  people. 

Of  the  Names  of  the  Homilies. 

1.  Of  the  right  Use  of  the  Church, 

2.  Against  peril  of  Idolatry. 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches, 

4.  Of  good  Works :  first  of  Fasting, 

5.  Against  Glutton.y  and  Drunkenness, 

6.  Against  Excess  of  Apparel,  " 

7.  Of  Prayer, 

8.  Of  the  Place  and  Time  of  Prayer, 

9.  That  Common  Prayers  and  Sacraments  ought 

to  be  mijiistered  in  a  known  tongue. 

10.  Of  the  reverend  estimation  of  God's  Word, 

11.  Of  Alms-doing, 

12.  Of  the  Nativity  of  Christ, 

13.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ. 

14.  Of  the  Besurrection  of  Christ,  ■    , 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


131 


's  or  rites 
tliority,  so 


'cral  titles 
cloth  con- 
necessary 
Homilies, 

the  Sixth ; 

1  Churches 

,  that  they 


Ihurches, 


lents  ought 

46. 

Word, 


15.  0/  the  Ivor  thy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of 

the  Bodg  and  Blood  of  Christ, 

10.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 

17.  For  (he  Rogation-days, 

18.  Of  the  state  of  Matrimony, 

19.  Of  Repentance, 

20.  Against  Idleness. 

21.  Against  Rebellion, 

XXXVI.  Of  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers. 

The  Book  of  Consecration  of  Archbishops  and 
Bishops,  and  Ordering  of  Priests  and  Deacons, 
lately  set  forth  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth,  and 
confirmed  at  the  same  time  by  authority  of  Parlia- 
ment, doth  contain  all  things  necessary  to  such  Con- 
secration and  Ordering  :  neither  hath  it  any  thing, 
that  of  itself  is  superstitious  and  ungodly.  And  there- 
fore whosoever  are  consecrated  or  ordered  according 
to  the  Rites  of  that  Book,  since  the  second  year  of 
the  forenamed  King  Edward  unto  this  time,  or  here- 
after shall  be  consecrated  or  ordered  according  to  the 
same  Rites ;  we  decree  all  such  to  be  rightly,  orderly, 
and  lawfully  consecrated  and  ordered. 

XXXVII.  Of  the  Civil  Magistrates, 

The  Queen's  Majesty  hath  the  chief  power  in  this 
Realm  of  England^  and  other  her  Dominions,  unto 
whom  the  chief  Government  of  all  Estates  of  this 
Realm,  whether  they  be  Ecclesiastical  or  Civil,  io-all 


if 

1 1' 


m 


All-  .„-..i,;-. ,  _ 


*ti.._ .  .3l„ 


132 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


causes  doth  appertain,  and  is  not,  nor  ought  to  be, 
subject  to  any  foreign  Jurisdiction. 

Where  we  attribute  to  the  Queen's  Majesty  the 
chief  government,  by  which  Titles  we  understand  the 
minds  of  some  slanderous  folks  to  be  offended ;  we 
give  not  to  our  Princes  the  ministering  either  of 
God's  Word,  or  of  the  Sacraments,  the  which  thing 
the  Injunctions  also  lately  set  forth  by  EUzaheth  our 
Queen  do  most  plainly  testify  ;  but  that  only  prerog- 
ative, which  we  see  to  have  been  given  always  to  all 
godly  Princes  in  holy  Scriptures  by  God  himself;  that 
is,  that  they  should  rule  all  estates  and  degrees  com- 
mitted to  their  charge  by  God,  whether  they  be  Eccle- 
siastical or  Temporal,  and  restrain,  with  the  civil  sword 
the  stubborn  and  evildoers. 

The  Bishop  oi^  Rome  hath  „no  jurisdiction  in  this 
Eealm  of  England. 

The  laws  of  the  Realm  may  punish  Christian  men 
with  death,  for  heinous  and  grievous  offences. 

It  is  lawful  for  Christian  men,  at  the  commandment 
of  the  Magistrate,  to  wear  weapons,  and  serve  in  the 
wars. 


gion 


XXXVIII.    Of  Cliristian  men^s   Gooclsj  which   are  not 

common. 

The  Riches  and  Goods  of  Christians  are  not  com- 
mon, as  touching  the  right,  title,  and  possession  of 
the  same,  as  certain  Anabaptists  do  falsely  boast. 
Notwithstanding,  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as 


ARTICLES    OF  RELIGION, 


133 


jht  to  be, 

ajosty  the 
rstand  the 
nded ;  we 
either  of 
hich  thmg 
zaheth  our 
\y  prerog- 
rays  to  all 
iself;  that 
rees  com- 
be Eccle- 
;ivil  sword 

on  in  this 

stian  men 
es. 

nandment 
rve  in  the 


h  are  not 

not  com- 
3ssion  of 
ly  boast, 
things  as 


he  possesseth,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  ac- 
cording to  his  ability. 

XXXIX.  Of  a  Christian  marCs  Oath, 

As  we  confess  that  vain  and  rash  Swearing  is  for- 
bidden Christian  men  by  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
James  his  Apostle,  so  we  judge,  that  Christian  Reli- 
\  gion  doth  not  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear 
when  the  Magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of  faith  and 
charity,  so  it  be  done  according  to  the  Prophet's 
teaching,  in  justice,  judgment,  and  truth. 


THE  RATIFICATION.  ^ 

THIS  Booh  of  Articles  before  rehearsed,  is  again  approved, 
and  allowed  to  be  holden  and  executed  iiithin  the  Realm,  by  the 
assent  and  consent  of  our  Sovereign  Lady  ELIZABETH,  by 
the  Grace  of  God,  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  Queen,  De- 
fender of  the  Faith,  &c.  Which  Articles  luere  deliberately 
read,  and  confirmed  again  by  the  subscription  of  the  hands  of 
the  Archbishops  and  Bishops  of  the  Upper-house,  and  by  the 
subscription  of  the  tohole  Clergy  of  the  Nether-house  in  their 
Convocation,  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord  1571. 

12 


/ 


m 


?  V 


-•-i-"' 


APPENDIX   II. 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION; 

AS  ESTABLISHED  BY  THE  BISHOPS,  THE  CLERGY,  AND  LAITY  OF  THE  PROT- 
ESTANT EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  IN 
CONVENTION,  ON  THE  12Tn  DAY  OF  SEPTEMBER,  IN  THE  YEAR  OF  OUB 
LORD  1801. 

Art.  I.   Of  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity, 

There  is  but  one  living  and  true  God,  everlasting, 
without  body,  parts,  or  passions ;  of  infinite  power, 
wisdom,  and  goodness ;  the  Maker,  and  Preserver  of 
all  thhigs  both  visible  and  invisible.  And  in  unity 
of  this  Godhead  there  be  three  Persons,  of  one  sub- 
stance, power,  and  eternity  ;  the  Father,  the  Son,  and 
the  Holy  Ghost.  ,     ' 


Art.  II.  Of  the  Word  or  Son  of  God,  tchich  was  made 

very  Man, 

The  Son,  which  is  the  Word  of  the  Father,  be- 
gotten from  everlasting  of  the  Father,  the  very  and 
eternal  God,  and  of  one  substance  with  the  Father, 
took  Man's  nature  in  the  womb  of  the  blessed  Virgin, 
of  her  substance  :  so  that  two  whole  and  perfect  Na- 
tures, that  is  to  say,  the  Godhead  and  Manhood,  were 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


135 


3F  THE  PEOT- 
AMERIOA,  IN 
YEAR  OF  OUR 


r. 

^erlasting,  1 

te  power,  f 

iserver  of  -l 

[  in  unity  | 
f  one  sub- 
5  Son,  and 


was  made 

ather,  be- 
very  and 
e  Father, 
ed  Virgin, 
erfect  Na- 
lood,  were 


joined  together  in  one  Person,  never  to  be  divided, 
whereof  is  one  Christ,  very  God,  and  very  Man ;  who 
truly  suffered,  was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried,  to 
reconcile  his  Father  to  us,  and  to  be  a  sacrifice,  not 
only  for  original  guilt,  but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men. 

Art.  III.  Of  the  going  down  of  Christ  into  Ilell. 

As  Christ  died  for  us,  and  was  buried ;  so  also  is 
it  to  be  believed,  that  he  went  down  into  Hell.    *. 

Art.  IV.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ. 

Christ  did  truh^  rise  again  from  death,  and  took 
again  his  body,  with  flesh,  bones,  and  all  things  ap- 
pertaining to  the  perfection  of  Man's  nature  ;  where- 
with he  ascended  into  Heaven,  and  there  sitteth,  until 
he  return  to  judge  all  Men  at  the  last  day. 

Art.  V.  Of  the  Holy  Ghost   '  ■'■' ' 

The  Holy  Ghost,  proceeding  from  the  Father  and 
the  Son,  is  of  one  substance,  majesty,  and  glory,  with 
the  Father  and  the  Son,  very  and  eternal  God. 

Art.  VI.  Of  the  Sufficiency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  for 

Salvation.  ,, 

Holy  Scripture  containeth  all  things  necessary  to 
salvation :  so  that  whatsoever  is  not  read  therein,  nor 
may  be  proved  thereby,  is  not  to  be  required  of  any 


136 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


man,  that  it  should  be  believed  as  an  article  of  the 
Faith,  or  be  thought  requisite  or  necessary  to  sal- 
vation. In  the  name  of  the  Holy  Scripture  we  do 
understand  those  canonical  Books  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testament,  of  whose  authority  was  never  any  doubt 
in  the  Church. 

Of  the  Names  and  Nuiiber  of  the  Canonical  Books. 

Genesis^  Exodus^  Leviticus^  Numbers^  Deuteronomy^ 
Joshua^  Judges^  Ruth,  The  First  Book  of  Samuel, 
The  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  The  First  Book  of  Kings, 
The  Second  Book  of  Kings,  The  First  Book  of  Chroni- 
cles, The  Second  Book  of  Chronicles,  The  First  Book 
of  Esdras,  The  Second  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Book  of 
Esther,  The  Book  of  Job,  The  Psalms,  The  Proverbs^ 
Ecclesiastes  or  Preacher,  Cantica,  or  Songs  of  Solomon, 
Four  Prophets  the  greater.  Twelve  Prophets  the  less. 

And  the  other  Books  (as  Hierome  saith)  the  Church 
doth  read  for  example  of  life  and  instruction  of  man- 
ners ;  but  yet  doth  it  not  apply  them  to  establish 
any  doctrine :  such  are  these  following : 

The  Third  Book  of  Esdras,  The  Fourth  Book  of 
Esdras,  The  Book  of  Tobias,  The  Book  of  Judith,  The 
rest  of  the  Book  of  Esther,  The  Book  of  Wisdom,  Jesus 
the  Son  of  Sirach,  Baricch  the  Prophet,  The  Song  of 
the  Three  Children,  The  Story  of  Susanna,  Of  Bel  and 
the  Dragon,  The  Prayer  of  Manasses,  The  First  Book 
of  Maccabees,  The  Second  Book  %f  Maccabees. 

All  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,  as  they  are 


I 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


137 


le  of  the 
Y  to  sal- 
e  we  do 

and  New 
ly  doubt 

Books. 

eronomy^ 
'  Samuel^ 
if  Kings^ 
f  Clironi- 
h'st  Book 
Book  of 
Proverbs^ 
Solomon^ 
he  less, 
le  Church 
1  of  man- 
establish 

Book  of 
dith,  The 
om^  Jesus 

Song  of 
f  Bel  and 
Irst  Book 

they  are 


commonly  received,  we  do  receive,  and  account  them 
Canonical.  . 

Art.  VII.  Of  the  Old  Testament 

The  Old  Testament  is  not  contrary  to  the  New : 
for  both  in  the  Old  and  New  Testament  everlasting 
life  is  offered  to  Mankind  by  Christ,  who  is  the  only 
Mediator  between  God  and  Man,  being  both  God  and 
Man.  Wherefore  they  are  not  to  be  heard,  which 
feign  that  the  old  Fathers  did  look  only  for  transitory 
promises.  Although  the  Law  given  from  God  by 
Moses,  as  touching  Ceremonies  and  Rites,  do  not  bind 
Christian  men,  nor  the  Civil  precepts  thereof  ought  of 
necessity  to  be  received  in  any  commonwealth :  yet 
notwithstanding,  no  Christian  man  whatsoever  is  free 
from  the  obedience  of  the  Commandments  which  are 
called  Moral. 

,     Art.  VIII.  Of  the  Creed, 

The  Nicene  Creed,  and  that  which  is  commonly 
called  the  Apostles*  Creed,  ought  thoroughly  to  be 
received  and  believed :  for  they  may  be  proved  by 
most  certain  warrants  of  Holy  Scripture.     . 

Art.  IX.  Of  Original  or  Birth-Sin, 

Original  Sin  standeth  not  in  the  following  of  Adam, 
(as  the  Pelagians  do  vainly  talk;)  but  it  is  the 
fault  and  corruption  of  the  Nature  of  every  man,  that 
naturally  is  engendered  of  the  offspring  of  Adam; 

12* 


■ 


138 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


whereby  man  is  very  fur  gone  from  original  right- 
eousness, and  is  of  his  own  nature  inclined  to  evil,  so 
that  the  flesh  lusteth  always  contrary  to  the  Spirit ; 
and  therefore  in  every  person  born  into  this  world, 
it  deserveth  God's  wrath  and  damnation.  And  this 
infection  of  nature  doth  remain,  yea  in  them  that  are 
regenerated ;  whereby  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  called  in 
the  Greek,  (jypovijfia  oapfcbg,  (which  some  do  expound 
the  wisdom,  some  sensuality,  some  the  aflection,  some 
the  desire,  of  the  flesh,)  is  not  subject  to  the  Law  of 
God.  And  although  there  is  no  condemnation  for  them 
that  believe  and  are  baptized,  yet  the  Apostle  doth 
confess,  that  concupiscence  and  lust  hath  of  itself 
the  nature  of  sin.         ,    .     ^ 

Art.  X.  OfFree-Will 

The  condition  of  Man  after  the  fall  of  Adam  is 
such,  that  he  cannot  turn  and  prepare  himself,  by  his 
own  natural  strength  and  good  works,  to  faith,  and 
calling  upon  God.  Wherefore  we  have  no  power  to 
do  good  works  pleasant  and  acceptable  to  God,  with- 
out the  grace  of  God  by  Christ  preventing  us,  that 
we  may  have  a  good  will,  and  working  with  us,  when 
we  have  that  good  will.       .  .^ 


Art.  XI.  Of  the  Justification  of  Man. 

We  are   accounted  righteous   before  God,   only 
for  the  merit  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


139 


right- 
evil,  so 
Spirit ; 
world, 
nd  this 
hat  are 
lied  in 
X pound 
|n,  some 
Law  of 
3r  them 
e  doth 
f  itself 


I 


by  Faith,  and  not  for  our  own  works  or  deservings. 
Wherefore,  that  we  are  justified  by  Faith  only,  is  a 
most  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  very  full  of  comfort, 
as  more  largely  is  expressed  in  the  Homily  of  Justi- 
fication. 

Art.  XII.  Of  Good  Works. 

Albeit  that  Good  Works,  which  are  the  fruits  of 
Faith,  and  follow  after  Justification,  cannot  put  away 
our  sins,  and  endure  the  severity  of  God's  judgment ; 
yet  are  they  pleasing  and  acceptable  to  God  in  Christ, 
and  do  spring*  out  necessarily  of  a  true  and  lively 
Faith;  insomuch  that  by  them  a  lively  Faith  may  be 
as  evidently  known  as  a  tree  discerned  by  the  fruit. 


s 


dam  is 
by  his 
th,  and 
3wer  to 
1,  with- 
Lis,  that 
3,  when 


,   only 
Christ 


Art.  XIII.  Of  Works  before  Justification. 

Works  done  before  the  grace  of  Christ,  and  the 
Inspiration  of  his  Spirit,  are  not  pleasant  to  God,  foras- 
much as  they  spring  not  of  faith  in  Jesus  Christ ; 
neither  do  they  make  men  meet  to  receive  grace,  or 
(as  the  School-authors  say)  deserve  grace  of  con- 
gruity :  yea  rather,  for  that  they  are  not  done  as 
God  hath  willed  and  commanded  them  to  be  done, 
we  doubt  not  but  they  have  the  nature  of  sin. 

Art.  XIV.  Of  Works  of  Supererogation. 

Voluntary  Works  besides,  over  and  above,  God's 
Commandments,  which  they  call  Works  of  Superero- 


140 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


gatiori,  cannot  be  taught  without  arrogancy  and  im- 
piety :  for  by  them  men  do  declare,  that  they  do  not 
only  render  unto  God  as  much  as  they  are  bound  to 
do,  but  that  they  do  more  for  his  sake,  than  of  boundeu 
duty  is  required  :  whereas  Christ  saith  plainly.  When 
ye  have  done  all  that  are  commanded  to  ygu,  sav, 
We  are  unprofitable  servants. 

Art.  XV.  Of  CJirist  alone  without  Sin, 

Christ  in  the  truth  of  our  nature  was  made  like 
unto  us  in  all  things,  sin  only  except,  from  which  he 
was  clearly  void,  both  in  his  flesh,  ancl  in  his  spirit. 
He  came  to  be  the  Lamb  without  spot,  who,  by 
sacrifice  of  himself  once  made,  should  take  away  the 
sins  of  the  world,  and  sin  (as  Saint  John  saith)  was 
not  in  him.  But  all  we  the  rest,  although  baptized, 
and  born  again  in  Christ,  yet  offend  in  many  things ; 
and  if  we  say  we  have  no  sm,  we  deceive  ourselves, 
and  the  truth  is  not  in  us. 

Art.  XVI.  Of  Sin  after  Baptism. 

Not  every  deadly  sin  willingly  committed  after 
Baptism  is  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  and  unpar- 
donable. Wherefore  the  grant  of  repentance  is  not 
to  be  denied  to  such  as  fall  into  sin  after  Baptism. 
After  we  have  received  the  Holy  Ghost,  we  may  de- 
part from  grace  given,  and  fall  into  sin,  and  by  the 
grace  of  God  we  may  arise  again,  and  amend  our 


lives, 
which  s 
here,  c 
truly  r( 

Pred 
of  Go( 
world  ^ 
counsel 
nation 
mankir 
salvati( 
they  w 
God,  ' 
Spirit 
obey 
made 
the  imj 
walk 
God's 

As 
our  E 
unspej 
feel  in 
mortii 
meml 
heave 
tablisl 


ARTICVi^'^     OF   RELIGION. 


141 


and  im- 
y  do  not 
bound  to 
bounden 
y,  When 
ygu,  sav, 


lade  like 
which  he 
lis  spirit, 
who,  by 
away  the 
aith)  was 
baptized, 
y  things ; 
mrselves, 


ted  after 
d  unpar-    | 
ice  is  not    ' 
Baptism. 
may  de- 
i  by  the     ( 
lend  our     , 


lives.  And  therefore  they  are  to  be  condemned, 
which  say,  they  can  no  more  sin  as  long  as  they  live 
here,  or  deny  the  place  of  forgiveness  to  such  as 
truly  repent.  ,' 

Art.  XVII.  Of  Predestination  and  Election. 

Predestination  to  Life  is  the  everlasting  purpose 
of  God,  whereby  (before  the  foundations  of  the 
world  were  laid)  he  hath  constantly  decreed  by  his 
counsel  secret  to  us,  to  deliver  from  curse  and  dam- 
nation those  whom  he  hath  chosen  in  Christ  out  of 
mankind,  and  to  bring  them  by  Christ  to  everlasting 
salvation,  as  vessels  mr^de  to  honour.  Wherefore, 
they  which  be  endued  with  so  excellent  a  benefit  of 
God,  be  called  according  to  God's  purpose  by  his 
Spirit  working  in  due  season:  they  through  Grace 
obey  the  calling :  they  be  justified  freely :  they  be 
made  sons  of  God  by  adoption :  they  be  made  like 
the  image  of  his  only-begotten  Son  Jesus  Christ :  they 
walk  religiously  in  good  works,  and  at  length,  by 
God's  mercy,  they  attain  to  everlasting  felicity. 

As  the  godly  consideration  of  Predestination,  and 
our  Election  in  Christ,  is  full  of  sweet,  pleasant,  and 
unspeakable  comfort  to  godly  persons,  and  such  as 
feel  in  themselves  the  working  of  the  Spirit  of  Christ, 
mortifying  the  works  of  the  flesh,  and  their  earthly 
members,  and  drawing  up  their  mind  to  high  and 
heavenly  things,  as  well  because  it  doth  greatly  es- 
tablish and  confirm  their  faith  of  eternal  Salvation 


i 


142 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


to  be  enjoyed  through  Christ,  as  because  it  doth  fer- 
vently kindle  their  love  towards  God  :  So,  for  curious 
and  carnal  persons,  lacking  the  Spirit  of  Christ,  to 
have  continually  before  their  eyes  the  sentence  of 
God's  Predestination,  is  a  most  dangerous  downfall, 
whereby  the  Devil  doth  thrust  them  either  into  des- 
peration, or  into  wretchlessness  of  most  unclean  liv- 
ing, no  less  perilous  than  desperation. 

Furthermore,  we  must  receive  God's  promises  in 
such  wise,  as  they  be  generally  set  forth  to  us  in  Holy 
Scripture  :  and,  in  our  doings,  that  Will  of  God  is  to 
be  followed,  which  we  have  expressly  declared  unto 
us  in  the  Word  of  God. 

Art.  XVIII.  Of  obtaining  eternal  Salvation  only  by  the 

Name  of  Christ, 

They  also  are  to  be  had  accursed  that  presume  to 
say.  That  every  man  shall  be  saved  by  the  Law  or 
Sect  which  he  professeth,  so  that  he  be  diligent  to 
frame  his  life  according  to  that  Law,  and  the  light 
of  Nature.  For  Holy  Scripture  doth  set  out  unto  us 
only  the  Name  of  Jesus  Christ,  whereby  men  must 
be  saved. 


Art.  XIX.  Of  the  Church. 

The  visible  Church  of  Christ  is  a  congregation  of 
faithful  men,  in  the  which  the  pure  Word  of  God  is 
preached,   and  the  Sacraments  be  duly  ministered 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


143 


81; 


doth  fer- 
r  curious 
'hrist,  to 
tence  of 
lownfallj 
into  des- 
lean  liv- 

)mises  in 
;  in  Holy 
jrod  is  to 
red  unto 


ily  hy  the 

esume  to 
I  Law  or 
ligent  to 
the  light 
b  unto  us 
len  must 


jation  of 
f  God  is 
inistered 


I 


according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in  all  those  things 
that  of  necessity  are  requisite  to  the  same. 

As  the  Church  of  Jerusalem^  Alexandria^  and  An- 
tioch,  have  erred  ;  so  also  the  Church  of  Home  hath 
erred,  not  only  in  their  living  and  manner  of  Cere- 
monies, but  also  in  matters  of  Faith. 

Art.  XX.  Of  the  Authority  of  the  Church, 

The  Church  hath  power  to  decree  Rites  or  Cere- 
monies, and  authority  in  Controversies  of  Faith : 
and  yet  it  is  not  lawful  for  the  Church  to  ordain 
any  thing  that  is  contrary  to  God's  Word  written, 
neither  may  it  so  expound  one  place  of  Scripture, 
that  it  be  repugnant  to  another.  Wherefore,  although 
the  Church  be  a  witness  and  a  keeper  of  Holy  Writ, 
yet,  as  it  ought  not  to  decree  any  thing  .^against  the 
same,  so  besides  the  same  ought  it  not  to  enforce  any 
thing  to  be  believed  for  necessity  of  Salvation. 

Art.  XXI.  Of  the  Authority  of  General  Councils.* 

Art.  XXII.  Of  Purgatory. 

The  Romish  Doctrine  concerning  Purgatory,  Par- 
dons, Worshipping  and  Adoration,  as  well  of  Images 
as  of  Relics,  and  also  Invocation  of  Saints,  is  a  fond 
thing,  vainly  invented,  and  grounded  upon  no  war- 
ranty of  Scripture,  but  rather  repugnant  to  the  Word 
of  God.  ,  _         . 

•  The  Twenty-first  of  the  former  Articles  is  omitted ;  because  it  is 
partly  of  a  local  and  civil  nature,  and  is  provided  for,  as  to  the  re- 
maining parts  of  it,  in  other  Articles. 


144 


ARTICLES   OP   RELIGION. 


Art.  XXIII.  Of  Mtnistcrinfj  in  the  Congregation. 

It  is  not  lawful  for  any  man  to  take  upon  him  the 
office  of  public  preaching,  or  ministering  the  Sacra- 
ments  in  the  Congregation,  before  he  be  lawfully 
called,  and  sent  to  execute  the  same.  And  those  we 
ought  to  judge  lawfully  called  and  sent,  which  be 
chosen  and  called  to  this  work  by  men  who  have  pub- 
lic authority  given  unto  them  in  the  Congregation,  to 
call  and  send  Ministers  into  the  Lord's  vineyard. 

Art.  XXIV.  Of  Speaking  in  the  Congregation  in  such  a 
Tongue  as  the  people  understandcth. 

It  is  a  thing  plainly  repugnant  to  the  Word  of 
God,  and  the  custom  of  the  Primitive  Church,  to  have 
public  Prayer  in  the  Church,  or  to  minister  the  Sac- 
raments, in  a  tongue  not  understanded  of  the  people. 


Art.  XXV.   Of  the  Sacraments. 

Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  be  not  only  badges 
or  tokens  of  Christian  men's  profession,  but  rather 
they  be  certain  sure  witnesses,  and  effectual  signs  of 
grace,  and  God's  good  will  towards  us,  by  the  which 
he  doth  work  invisibly  in  us,  and  doth  not  only 
quicken,  but  also  strengthen  and  confirm  our  Faith 
in  him. 

There  are  two  Sacraments  ordained  of  Christ  our 
Lord  in  the  Gospel,  that  is  to  say,  Baptism,  and  the 
Supper  of  the  Lord, 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


145 


ation, 

him  the 

0  Sacra- 

1  awfully 
those  we 
vhich  be 
ave  pub- 
;ation,  to 
ard. 

in  such  a 

Vord  of 
,  to  have 
the  Sac- 
people. 


r  badges 
it  rather 
signs  of 
le  which 
ot  only 
ur  Faith 


irist  our 
and  the 


Those  five  commonly  called  Sacraments,  that  is  to 
say,  Confirmation,  Penance,  Orders,  Matrimony,  and 
Extreme  Unction,  are  not  to  be  counted  for  Sacra- 
ments of  the  Gospel,  being  such  as  have  grown  partly 
of  the  corrupt  following  of  the  Apostles,  partly  are 
states  of  life  allowed  in  the  Scriptures ;  but  yet  have 
not  like  nature  of  Sacraments  with  Baptism,  and  the 
Lord's  Supper,  for  that  they  have  not  any  visible 
sign  or  ceremony  ordained  of  God. 

The  Sacraments  were  not  ordained  of  Clfrist  to  be 
gazed  upon,  or  to  be  carried  about,  but  that  we  should 
duly  use  them.  And  in  such  only  as  worthily  re- 
ceive the  same,  they  have  a  wholesome  effect  or 
operation:  but  they  that  receive  them  unworthily, 
purchase  to  themselves  damnation,  as  Saint  Paul 
saith. 

Art.  XXVI.    Of  the   Uhworthmess  of  the  MintsterSt 
which  hinders  not  the  effect  of  the  Sacraments. 

Although  in  the  visible  Church  the  evil  be  ever 
mingled  with  the  good,  and  sometimes  the  evil  have 
chief  authority  in  the  Ministration  of  the  Word  and 
Sacraments,  yet  forasmuch  as  they  do  not  the  same 
in  their  own  name,  but  in  Christ's,  and  do  minister 
by  his  commission  and  authority,  we  may  use  their 
Ministry,  both  in  hearing  the  Word  of  God,  and  in 
receiving  the  Sacraments.  Neither  is  the  effect  of 
Christ's  ordinance  taken  away  by  their  wickedness, 
nor  the  grace  of  God's  gifts  diminished  from  such  as 

18 


146 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


by  faith,  and  rightly,  do  receive  the  Sacraments  min- 
istered unto  them;  which  be  effectual,  because  of 
Christ's  institution  and  promise  although  they  be 
ministered  by  evil  men. 

Nevertheless,  it  appertaineth  to  the  discipline  of 
the  Church,  that  inquiry  be  made  "of  evil  Ministers, 
and  that  they  be  accused  by  those  that  have  knowl- 
edge of  their  offences ;  and  finally,  being  found 
guilty,  by  just  judgment  be  deposed. 


Art.  XXVn.  Of  Baptism. 

Baptism  is  not  only  a  sign  of  profession,  and  mark 
of  difference,  whereby  Christian  men  are  discerned 
from  others  that  be  not  christened,  but  it  is  also  a 
sign  of  Regeneration  or  New  Birth,  whereby,  as  by  an 
instrument,  they  that  receive  Baptism  rightly  are 
grafted  into  the  Church ;  the  promises  of  the  for- 
giveness of  sin,  and  of  our  adoption  to  be  the  sons  of 
God-by  the  Holy  Ghost,  are  visibly  signed  and  sealed ; 
Faith  is  confirmed,  and  Grace  increased  by  virtue 
of  prayer  unto  God. 

The  Baptism  of  young  children  is  in  any  wise  to  be 
retained  in  the  Church,  as  most  agreeable  with  the 
institution  of  Christ. 


":■''  f  %.'.,, 


•  s  i  f  ■  :  ^» 


Art.  XXVIII.  Of  the  Lord^s  Supper. 

The  Supper  of  the  Lord  is  not  only  a  sign  of  the 
love  that  Christians  ought  to  have  among  themselves 


ARTICLES    OF   RELIGION. 


147 


its  min- 
Luse  of 
hey  be 

)line  of 

nisters, 

knowl- 

found 


d  mark 
scerned 

also  a 
s  by  an 
tly  are 
the  for- 
sons  of 
sealed ; 

virtue 

le  to  be 
ith  the 

-  ■•''  (a. 

of  the 
iselves 


one  to  another  ;  but  rather  it  is  a  Sacrament  of  our 
Redemption  by  Cli/ist's  death :  insomuch  that  to  such 
as  rightly,  worthily,  and  with  faith,  receive  the  same, 
the  Bread  which  we  break  is  a  partaking  of  the  Body 
of  Christ ;  and  likewise  the  Cup  of  Blessing  is  a  par- 
taking of  the  Blood  of  Christ. 

Transubstantiation  (or  the  change  of  the  substance 
of  Bread  and  Wine)  in  the  Supper  of  the  Lord,  can- 
not be  proved  by  Holy  Writ ;  but  is  repugnant  to 
the  plain  words  of  Scripture,  overthroweth  the  nature 
of  a  Sacrament,  and  hath  given  occasion  to  many 
superstitions.  - 

The  Body  of  Christ  is  given,  taken,  and  eaten,  in 
the  Supper,  only  after  an  heavenly  and  spiritual  man- 
ner. And  the  mean  whereby  the  Body  of  Christ  is 
received  and  eaten  in  the  Supper,  is  Faith. 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  not  by 
Christ's  ordinance  reserved,  carried  about,  lifted  up, 
or  worshipped. 


i'h 


f    ^ 


Art.  XXIX.  Of  the  Wicked  which  eat  not  the  Body  of 
Christ  in  the  use  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

The  Wicked,  and  such  as  be  void  of  a  lively 
faith,  although  they  do  carnally  and  visibly  press 
with  their  teeth  (as  Saint  Augustine  saith)  the  Sacra- 
ment of  the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ,  yet  in  no 
wise  are  they  partakers  of  Christ :  but  rather,  to  their 
condemnation,  do  eat  and  drink  the  sign  or  Sacra- 
ment of  so  great  a  thing. 


11 


148 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


Art.  XXX,  Of  both  Kinds. 

The  Cup  of  the  Lord  is  not  to  be  denied  to  the 
Lay-people  :  for  both  the  parts  of  the  Lord's  Sacra- 
ment,  by  Christ's  ordinance  and  commandment, 
ought  to  be  ministered  to  all  Christian  men  alike. 

Akt.  XXXI.  Of  the  one  Oblation  of  Christ  finished  upon 
,  .  ,       the  Cross. 

<  The  Offering  of  Christ  once  made  is  that  perfect 
redemption,  propitiation,  and  satisfaction,  for  all  the 
sins  of  the  whole  world,  ho'di  original  and  actual ;  and 
there  is  none  other  satisfaction  for  sin,  but  that  alone. 
Wherefore  the  sacrifices  of  Masses,  in  the  which  it 
was  commonly  said,  that  the  Priest  did  offer  Christ 
for  the  quick  and  the  dead,  to  have  remission  of 
pain  or  guilt,  were  blasphemous  fables,  and  danger- 
ous deceits.  •  .      >.    .      vi 

*         Art.  XXXII.  Of  the  Marriage  of  Priests. 

Bishops,  Priests,  and  Deacons,  are  not  commanded 
by  God's  Law,  either  to  vow  the  estate  of  single  life, 
or  to  abstain  from  marriage :  therefore  it  is  lawful 
for  them,  as  for  all  other  Christian  men,  to  marry  at 
their  own  discretion,  as  they  shall  judge  the  same  to 
serve  better  to  godliness. 


■ii,-. 


Art.  XXXIII.  Of  excommunicate  Persons^  how  they  are 

to  be  avoided. 

That  person  which  by  open  denunciation  of  the 
Church  is  rightly  cut  off  from  the  unity  of  the  Church, 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


149 


to  the 
3  Sacra- 
idment, 
ike. 

ked  upon 

perfect 
all  the 
al ;  and 
t  alone, 
i^hich  it 
[•  Christ 
sion  of 
danger- 

nanded 
?le  life, 
lawful 
arry  at 
ime  to 

hey  are 

of  the 
'hurch, 


and  excommunicated,  ought  to  be  taken  of  the  whole 
multitude  of  the  faithful,  as  an  Heathen  and  Publi- 
can, until  he  be  openly  reconciled  by  penance,  and 
received  into  the  Church  by  a  Judge  that  hath  au- 
thority thereunto. 

Art.  XXXIV.  Of  the  Traditions  of  the  Church, 

It  is  not  necessary  that  Traditions  and  Ceremonies 
be  in  all  places  one,  or  utterly  like ;  for  at  all  times 
they  have  been  divers,  and  may  be  changed  accord- 
ing to  the  diversity  of  countries,  times,  and  nron's 
manners,  so  that  nothing  be  ordained  against  God's 
Word.  Whosoever,  through  his  private  judgment, 
willingly  and  purposely,  doth  openly  break  the  Tra- 
ditions and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church,  which  be  not 
repugnant  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  be  ordained  and 
approved  by  common  authority,  ought  to  be  rebuked 
openly,  (that  others  may  fear  to  do  the  like,)  as  he 
that  ofFendeth  against  the  common  order  of  the 
Church,  and  hurteth  the  authority  of  the  Magistrate, 
and  woundeth  the  consciences  of  the  weak  brethren. 

Every  particular  or  national  Church  hath  authority 
to  ordain,  change,  and  abolish,  ceremonies  or  rites 
of  the  Church  ordained  only  by  man's  authority,  so 
that  all  things  be  done  to  edifying. 

Art.  XXXV.  Of  the  Homilies, 
The  Second  Book  of  Homilies,  the  several  titles 
whereof  we  have  joined  under  this  Article,  doth  con- 

13* 


150 


ARTICLES    OF    RELIGION. 


tain  a  godly  and  wholesome  Doctrine,  and  necessary 
for  these  times,  as  doth  the  former  Book  of  Homilies, 
which  were  set  forth  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth  ; 
and  therefore  we  judge  them  to  be  read  in  Churches 
by  the  Ministers,  diligently  and  distinctly,  that  they 
may  be  understanded  of  the  people. 


'W'li 


■  X    ■  /. 


%' 


I'ii 


r?        Of  the  Names  of  the  Homilies. 

1.  Of  the  right  Use  of  the  Church,  "'^  ■ 

2.  Against  Peril  of  Idolatry . 

3.  Of  repairing  and  keeping  clean  of  Churches, 

4.  Of  good  Works :  first  of  Fasting, 

5.  Against  Gluttony  and  Drunkenness, 

6.  Against  Excess  of  Apparel,        *  »      ;': 

7.  Of  Prayer,  ^ 

8.  Of  the  Place  and  Time  of  Prayer,  ' 

9.  That  Cornmon  Prayers  and  Sacraments  ought 

to  he  ministered  in  a  known  tongue, 

10.  Of  the  reverend  Estimation  of  God's  Word, 

11.  Of  Alms-doing, 

12.  Of  the  Nativity  of  Christ,  -  -"^-^-^ 

13.  Of  the  Passion  of  Christ.  '  -        " '-'- 

14.  Of  the  Resurrection  of  Christ, 

15.  Of  the  worthy  receiving  of  the  Sacrament  of 

the  Body  and  Blood  of  Christ, 

16.  Of  the  Gifts  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 

17.  For  the  Rogationr-days, 

18.  Of  the  State  of  Matrimony, 

19.  Of  Repentance, 


[Thi 
it  decl 
tion  o 
and  m 
and  la 
to  the 
pends 
church 
made, 
words 

Art.  J 

The 
ing  of 
eral  C 
all  th 
dering 
supers 
ever 
Form 
lawfu 

Art. 

Th 
men, 
buth 


ARTICLES    Of   RELIGION. 


151 


ecessary 
lomilies, 
e  Sixth; 
liurches 
hat  they 


\\ 


rches» 


•iv 


ts  ought 
^ord. 


'i 


nent  of 


[This  Article  is  received  in  this  Church,  so  far  as 
it  declares  the  Books  of  Homilies  to  be  an  explica- 
tion of  Christian  Doctrine,  and  instructive  in  piety 
and  morals.  But  all  references  to  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  England  are  considered  as  inapplicable 
to  the  circumstances  of  this  Church ;  which  also  sus- 
pends the  order  for  the  reading  of  said  Homilies  in 
churches,  until  a  revision  of  them  may  be  conveniently 
made,  for  the  clearing  of  them,  as  well  from  obsolete 
words  and  phrases,  as  from  the  local  references.] 

Art.  XXXVI.  Of  Consecration  of  Bishops  and  Ministers. 

The  Book  of  Consecration  of  Bishops,  and  Order- 
ing of  Priests  and  Deacons,  as  set  forth  by  the  Gen- 
eral Convention  of  this  Church  in  1792,  doth  contain 
all  things  necessary  for  such  Consecration  and  Or- 
dering; neither  hath  it  any  thing  that,  of  itself,  is 
superstitious  and  ungodly.  And,  therefore,  whoso- 
ever are  consecrated  or  ordered  according  to  said 
Form,  we  decree  all  such  to  be  rightly,  orderly,  and 
lawfully  consecrated  and  ordered. 

Art.  XXXVII.  Of  the  Power  of  the  Civil  Magistrates, 

The  Power  of  the  Gvil  Magistrate  extendeth  to  all 
men,  as  well  Clergy  as  Laity,  in  all  things  temporal ; 
but  hath  no  authority  in  things  purely  spiritual.  And 


152 


ARTICLES   OF   RELIGION. 


we  hold  it  to  be  the  duty  of  all  men  who  are  pro- 
fessors of  the  Gospel,  to  pay  respectful  obedience  to 
the  Civil  Authorities,  regularly  and  legitimately  con- 
stituted. 


Art.  XXXVIII.  Of  Christia'^  MerCa  Goods,  which  are  not 

common. 

The  Riches  and  Goods  of  Christians  are  not  com- 
mon, as  touching  the  right,  title,  and  possession  of 
the  same,  as  certain  Anabaptists  do  falsely  boast. 
Notwithstanding,  every  man  ought,  of  such  things  as 
he  possesse^^^h,  liberally  to  give  alms  to  the  poor,  ac- 
cording to  his  ability. 

Art.  XXXIX.  Of  a  Christian  Mar^s  Oath, 

As  we  confess  that  vain  and  rash  Swearing  is  for- 
bidden Christian  men  by  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
JameB  his  Apostle,  so  we  judge,  that  Christian  Reli- 
gion doth  not  prohibit,  but  that  a  man  may  swear 
when  the  Magistrate  requireth,  in  a  cause  of  faith  and 
charity,  so  it  be  done  according  to  the  Prophet's 
teaching,  in  justice,  judgment,  and  truth. 


are  pro- 
iience  to 
tely  con- 


?A  are  not 

not  com- 
ssion  of 
y  boast. 
;hings  as 
poor,  ac- 


ig  is  for- 
rist,  and 
an  Reli- 
y  swear 
'aith  and 
rophet's 


